Mortality Statistics

Vital Statistics

Data

Life Flow One
The Solution For Heart Disease

by
Karl Loren

This page presents information about "mortality statistics," part of the normal series referred to as "vital statistics." That is, this page helps you understand how the government defines "heart disease" and shows you the actual source data about the number of deaths caused by heart disease. The information is very detailed for recent periods and not as detailed for the early years (1800's) when the detailed statistics were not being compiled by the government.

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Statistical Data On Mortality From Heart Disease This Page
Click Here To Jump To The Section	Title Or Description	Comments
...1...	Source Of Current Vital Statistics
...2...	Census Bureau Explanation of Source Of Vital Statistics
...3...	Population Statistics In Their Original Format
...4...	Reference To HISTORICAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES: COLONIAL TIMES TO 1970
..5...	Chapter B Vital Statistics And Health and Medical Care HISTORICAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES: COLONIAL TIMES TO 1970
...6...	Series B 126-135 Expectation of Life at Specified Ages For Massachusetts 1850 to 1949 (in years)	Here is where you find startling data. The average male, aged 60 years, in 1850, had a life expectancy of 15.6 additional years. The average male, aged 60 years, in 1950, had a life expectancy of 15.4 additional years!
...7...	Series B 148 Infant Mortality Rate For Massachusetts 1851 to 1970
...8...	Series B 149-166 Death Rate, for Selected Causes: 1900 to 1970
...9...	Series B 193-200 Death Rate, by Age and by Selected Cause for Massachusetts: 1860 to 1970
...10...	Series B 201-213 Death Rate, by Age, For Massachusetts: 1865-1900
...11...
...12...

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Source Of Current Vital Statistics

Statistics about death (vital statistics) are currently compiled and published by the National Center for Health Statistics which is part of the CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which is part of the Department of Health and Human Services.

Click Here to go to the home page for the Department of Health and Human Services.

Click Here to go to the home page for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC.

Click Here to go to a home page for the National Center for Health Statistics, NCHS. The menu bar to the left can also be clicked to go to that page. On that page the menu bar is active for the choices shown.

Statistics about mortality are called "vital statistics," and are collected and published by the National Center for Health Statistics. It is generally true that you need Acrobat Reader to look at their statistcs pages. Acrobat Reader can be downloaded at no cost when you visit these pages or by clicking here.

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Source of Historical Vital Statistics

Vital Statistics

One section of Census data presents vital statistics data on births, deaths, abortions, fetal deaths, fertility, life expectancy, marriages, and divorces.

Vital statistics are [currently] compiled for the country as a whole by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and published in its annual report, Vital Statistics of the United States, in certain reports of the Vital and Health Statistics series, and in the Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Reports in this field are also issued by the various State bureaus of vital statistics.

Data on fertility, on age of persons at first marriage, and on marital status and marital history are compiled by the Bureau of the Census from its Current Population Survey and published in Current Population Reports, P20 series. Data on abortions are published by the Alan Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, in selected issues of Family Planning Perspectives.

Registration of vital events—The registration of births, deaths, fetal deaths, and other vital events in the United States is primarily a State and local function. The civil laws of every State provide for a continuous and permanent birth- and death-registration system. Many States also provide for marriage- and divorce-registration systems. Vital events occurring to U.S. residents outside the United States are not included in the data.

Births and deaths—The live-birth, death, and fetal-death statistics prepared by NCHS are based on vital records filed in the registration offices of all States, of New York City, and of the District of Columbia. The annual collection of death statistics on a national basis began in 1900 with a national death-registration area of 10 States and the District of Columbia; a similar annual collection of birth statistics for a national birth-registration area began in 1915, also with 10 reporting States and the District of Columbia. Since 1933, the birth-and death-registration areas have comprised the entire United States, including Alaska (beginning 1959) and Hawaii (be-ginning 1960).

Census
In Brief
1994

Births 3,979,000

Deaths 2,286,000

Marriages 2,362,000

Divorces 1,191,000

National statistics on fetal deaths were first compiled for 1918 and annually since 1922. Prior to 1951, birth statistics came from a complete count of records received in the Public Health Service (now received in NCHS). From 1951 through 1971, they were based on a 50-percent sample of all registered births (except for a complete count in 1955 and a 20- to 50-percent sample in 1967). Beginning in 1972, they have been based on a complete count for States participating in the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program (VSCP) (for details, see the technical appendix in Vital Statistics of the United States) and on a 50-percent sample of all other areas. Beginning 1986 all reporting areas participated in the VSCP. Mortality data have been based on a complete count of records for each area (except for a 50-percent sample in 1972). Beginning in 1970, births to, and deaths of nonresident aliens of the United States and U.S. citizens outside the United States have been excluded from the data. Fetal deaths and deaths among Armed Forces abroad are excluded. Data based on samples are subject to sampling error; for details, see annual issues of Vital Statistics of the United States. Mortality statistics by cause of death are compiled in accordance with World Health Organization regulations according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The ICD is revised approximately every 10 years. The ninth revision of the ICD was employed beginning in 1979.

Deaths for prior years were classified according to the revision of the ICD in use at the time. Each revision of the ICD introduces a number of discontinuities in mortality statistics; for a discussion of those between the eighth and ninth revisions of the ICD, see Monthly Vital Statistics Report, vol. 28, No. 11, supplement.

Some of the tables present age-adjusted death rates in addition to crude death rates. Age-adjusted death rates shown in this section were prepared using the direct method, in which age-specific death rates for a population of interest are applied to a standard population distributed by age.

Age adjustment eliminates the differences in observed rates between points in time or among compared population groups that result from age differences in population composition.

Abortions—The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) collects data on abortions annually from States which have a central health agency with a statewide reporting system. The Alan Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, also issues data on the number of abortions based on its own surveys of hospitals and physicians. The Guttmacher Institute also publishes data on the characteristics of abortions after adjusting CDC data for changes in the number of States reporting each year.

Fertility and life expectancy—The total fertility rate, defined as the number of births that 1,000 women would have in their lifetime if, at each year of age, they experienced the birth rates occurring in the specified year, is compiled and published by NCHS. Other data relating to social and medical factors which affect fertility rates, such as contraceptive use and birth expectations, are collected and made available by both NCHS and the Bureau of the Census. NCHS figures are based on information in birth and fetal death certificates and on the periodic National Surveys of Family Growth; Bureau of the Census data are based on decennial censuses and the CPS.

Data on life expectancy, the average remaining lifetime in years for persons who attain a given age, are computed and published by NCHS. For details, see the technical appendix in Vital Statistics of the United States.

Marriage and divorce—The compilation of nationwide statistics on marriages and divorces in the United States began in 1887-88 when the National Office of Vital Statistics prepared estimates for the years 1867-86. Although periodic up-dates took place after 1888, marriage and divorce statistics were not collected and published annually until 1944 by that Office. In 1957 and 1958, respectively, the same Office established marriage-and divorce-registration areas. Beginning in 1957, the marriage-registration area comprised 30 States, plus Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands; it currently includes 42 States and the District of Columbia. The divorce-registration area, starting in 1958 with 14 States, Alaska, Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands, currently includes a total of 31 States and the Virgin Islands. Procedures for estimating the number of marriages and divorces in the registration States are discussed in Vital Statistics of the United States, vol. III—Marriage and Divorce. Total counts of events for registration and nonregistration States are gathered by collecting already summarized data on marriages and divorces reported by State offices of vital statistics and by county offices of registration.

Another important source of data on marriage and divorce trends in the United States is the March supplement to the Current Population Survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census. For information on marital status, see section 1.

Vital statistics rates—Except as noted, vital statistics rates computed by NCHS are based on decennial census population figures as of April 1 for 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1990; and on midyear population figures for other years, as estimated by the Bureau of the Census (see text, section 1).

Race—Data by race for births, deaths, marriages, and divorces from NCHS are based on information contained in the certificates of registration. The Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey obtains information on race by asking respondents to classify their race as:

(1) White, (2) Black, (3) American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut, or (4) Asian or Pacific Islander.

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Population Statistics

These Pages Require You To Have Acrobat Reader. Warning: These are slow-loading pages. Once they are loaded, however, you may move through them very quickly.

Click Here to see population figures from 1790 to 1990. This table can be viewed only if you have Acrobat Reader. You can download a free copy of this program when you click to this page if you don't already have it installed.

Table No. 14. Resident Population, by Age and Sex: 1970 to 1994 Click Here to see a breakdown of the ages and sex of the population from 1790 to 1990. Acrobat Reader Required.

No. 90. Live Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Divorces: 1950 to 1994 Click here to see this table. Use Acrobat Reader.

No. 118. Expectation of Life at Birth, 1970 to 1994, and Projections, 1995 to 2010. Click Here to see this table. Use Acrobat Reader. Also, No. 119. Selected Life Table Values: 1979 to 1993

No. 120. Expectation of Life and Expected Deaths, by Race, Sex, and Age: 1993 Click Here to see this table.

No. 121. Deaths and Death Rates, by Sex and Race: 1970 to 1994 Click Here to see this table.

No. 128. Age-Adjusted Death Rates, by Selected Causes: 1980 to 1993. Click here to see this table.

No. 129. Deaths and Death Rates, by Selected Causes: 1970 to 1994. Click Here to see this table.

No. 130. Deaths, by Selected Causes and Selected Characteristics: 1993. Click Here to see this table.

No. 131. Deaths, by Age and Leading Cause: 1993. Click Here to see this table.

No. 132. Death Rates, by Leading Causes and Age: 1980 to 1993. Click Here to see this table.

No. 135. Death Rates From Heart Disease, by Sex and Age: 1970 to 1993. Click Here to see this Table. This table shows: [Deaths per 100,000 population in specified age groups. Excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States. Beginning 1980, deaths classified according to the ninth revision of the International Classification of Diseases. For earlier years, classified according to the revision in use at the time; see text, section 2. See Appendix III]

No. 136. Death Rates From Cancer, by Sex and Age: 1970 to 1993. Click Here to see this table.

No. 143. Deaths and Death Rates for Drug-Induced Causes, by Race and Sex: 1980 to 1993, Click Here to see this table.

No. 145. Deaths—Life Years Lost and Mortality Costs, by Age, Sex, and Cause: 1992. Click Here to see this table.

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These Pages Do NOT Require You To Have Acrobat Reader

Table 1. Rank by Population of the 100 Largest Urban Places, Listed Alphabetically by State: 1790-1990 Click Here to see this page. This page does NOT require Acrobat Reader.

Table 7. Population of the 100 Largest Urban Places: 1840 Click Here to see this table.

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HISTORICAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES: COLONIAL TIMES TO 1970

$68.00 GPO stock number: 003-024-00120-9 Available from GPO: New Orders, Superintendent of Documents, PO Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 (Tel. 202-512-1800; FAX 202-512-2250) a Statistical Abstract Supplement 1976, reprinted 1989. Available on CD-ROM ($195) from Cambridge University Press

Subject content: Features, in a two-volume set, information updating and expanding the second edition, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957.

This bicentennial edition includes more than 12,500 time series, mostly annual, providing a statistical history of U.S. social, economic, political, and geographic development during periods from 1610 to 1970.

The series are organized in 24 chapters and 50 sub-chapters on such subjects as population, vital statistics, health, labor, prices, income, welfare, climate, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, minerals, construction, housing, manufactures, transportation, communications, energy, commerce, banking, and government, among others, plus a separate chapter devoted to colonial and pre-Federal statistics. Accompanying text cites sources, defines technical terms, and includes discussion of methodology, qualifications, and reliability of the data. Also included are a time-period index indicating which time series begin within specified 10- or 20-year time segments and a detailed alphabetical subject index.

Data later than 1970 are presented for many of the series in annual issues of the Statistical Abstract of the United States. A special historical appendix in each Abstract, beginning with the 1975 edition, links the historical series to specific Abstract tables.

Note: Questions regarding supplements can be referred to Bernan Associates, 4611-F Assembly Drive, Lanham, MD 20706, 800-274-4447.

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Chapter B
Vital Statistics And Health and Medical Care
HISTORICAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES: COLONIAL TIMES TO 1970

Explanatory Material For The Tables Referenced Below

Series B 126-135
Expectation of Life at Specified Ages
For Massachusetts
1850 to 1949
(in years)

B 126-136. Expectation of life at specified ages, by sex. for Massachusetts, 1850 to 1949-51. Until I get a new scanning program this table has been scanned in as an image and is not yet very distinct.

A better reproduction will be coming along soon.

However, as an example, look at the section of the table on the right, the column for "Age 60," then under that age, look at "Female." The bottom figure shows the average life expectancy for a female aged 60 in the year 1850 -- it shows 17.0 years while a similar female aged 60, in the year 1950 has only 15.7 years of life expectancy.

Thus, more people lived longer in 1950 than they did in 1850, but if a person got to the age of 60 the chances of living longer at that age were better in 1850 than they were in 1950.

This table covers the State of Massachusetts. Most other areas weren't keeping such records in 1850, but Massachusetts would seem to be representative of the entire population.

The conclusion related to heart disease? Well, doctors are fond of telling you that modern medical science has "extended life." In fact, it has been sterilization of surgical instruments, and the washing of hands by the doctors attending a birth -- these have been the great medical strides forward. These are what has greatly increased the chances of living past the first year for millions of people.

But, despite all the "advances" in medicine and science in the past 100 years, if you survive the first year, and get to the age of 60, you would have been better off in 1850 than you are today.

Further, generally NONE of those older people in 1850 died of heart disease. They died of several other causes, but not heart disease. In today's times, the great bulk of older people will die of heart disease.

What does this tell you?

That heart disease didn't exist 150 years ago and that heart disease must, therefore, have its causes within something that has changed over the last 150 years. That's an easy one. It is man's diet and life style that has changed so drastically. That change is covered elsewhere in this web site (click here for the explanation within Chapter Three, and click here for one of many typical reports on "prehistoric diets" compared with modern diets).

Man's diet, 150 years ago, included eggs and butter -- and other foods high in cholesterol. It would be foolish to claim, as many authors do today, that heart disease has been caused by people eating foods high in cholesterol when our ancestors ate exactly that type of food and lived longer than we do today. Double foolish when you realize that not only did they live longer on high-cholesterol diets 150 years ago, but when they died they did not die of heart disease.

If the real cause of heart disease is modern food and food processing (which is where the real change can be observed between the diets of 150 years ago and now), then why would a cholesterol-lowering drug be the answer.

The answer lies in the fact that modern food processors had a great deal at stake in this game. If scientists blamed the highly processed foods (Corn Flakes, Coca Cola etc.) there would be billions of dollars lost. If scientists blamed eggs and butter, then only the farmer would be harmed and the drug companies would reap fantastic sales and profits at the expense of the sick citizenry.

If you can see the simple logic in this section, why can't the doctors with all their vaunted education and learning?

Because they were deliberately taught, in medical school, that the only scientific way to treat people is with drugs -- not with nutrition.

There are villains enough to go around here, including you yourself for being the sucker you are for eating this junk.

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Series B 126-135
Expectation of Life at Specified Ages
For Massachusetts
1850 to 1949
(in years)

[to be scanned and then inserted here]

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Series B 148
Infant Mortality Rate
For Massachusetts
1851 to 1970

[to be scanned and then inserted here]

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Series B 149-166
Death Rate, for Selected Causes:
1900 to 1970

[to be scanned and then inserted here]

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Series B 193-200
Death Rate, by Age and by Selected Cause
for Massachusetts:
1860 to 1970

General: Note that the "cause of death" for early years does not even include "heart disease," even though it could easily have been detected from the large number of autopsies that were routinely performed in those early years.

Here are the causes of death in these various reports:

[to be scanned and then inserted here]

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Series B 201-213
Death Rate, by Age,
For Massachusetts:
1865-1900

[to be scanned and then inserted here]

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