Viktor Schauberger constructed water sluices, which, with controlled water temperature and vortex flow, were able to transport logs of a higher specific weight than would normally allow their transport on water. He proposed a more effective means of utilizing hydroelectric power by his jet turbine (see my article Water Power). In the second world war he was forced to develop his concepts of vortex dynamics at the service of Hitler's military goons, and, is said to have produced working prototypes of levitating disks using these principles. At the end of the war, the remains of his work fell partly into Russian, and American, military hands. After the war, Schauberger worked on a concept of water-based power generation, through vortex action, in a closed cycle engine. In 1958 he was brought to the USA, by promises of a possibility he would get his technology further developed and applied. Afterwards, he was thoroughly debriefed, his writings and prototypes were kept, and, he apparently had to sign a legal document and 'promise' not to promote his technology further - all so that he would simply be able to return home to Austria. Five days after his return to Austria - on 25 September 1958 - he died. A book that details some of the life story of Schauberger was written by Olof Alexandersson. The title is "Living Water", available below, through "AMAZON.COM."

    It was a Swedish engineer and anthroposophist, Olof Alexandersson, who wrote the first popular introduction to the radical ideas of Viktor Schauberger. I came across this attractive little book in 1999. Living Water is now in its eighth printing and has inspired many to go on to Callum Coats' in-depth study of Schauberger's ideas, Living Energies, which was published in 1996. Callum had met Viktor's son, Walter Schauberger, in 1977 and was to spend three years studying with Walter at his Pythogoras-Keppler System Institute in Lauffen, in the Saltzkammergut near Salzburg. During that time, Callum was given access to all Viktor's writings.
    Viktor Schauberger did not start to seriously write about his ideas and his discoveries until the age of 44, when he acquired a distinguished sponsor in Professor Philipp Forchheimer. As Callum describes later in this volume, Forchheimer, a world famous hydrologist, had been asked by the Austrian Government to report on Schauberger's controversial log flumes, which transported large amounts of timber from inaccessible locations without damage. He was so impressed with Schauberger's discoveries that he asked him to write a paper which was published in 1930 in Die Wasserwirtschaft , the Austrian Journal of Hydrology. This paper attracted the attention of the President of the Austrian Academy of Science, Professor Wilhelm Exner, and resulted in a commission to write a more detailed study of his theories for that same magazine under the title Temperature and the Movement of Water.
    Schauberger's ideas completely flew in the face of conventional ideas of hydrology and water management and, as a result, gained him many enemies in scientific circles. The reason Viktor developed the strong feelings about orthodox scientific research that you will read in this and subsequent volumes was partly to defend himself from their attacks, and partly out of his despair at witnessing the ongoing destruction of the natural environment by their blind and uncaring technologies. It was this despair that motivated him to write his only book, Our Senseless Toil - the Cause of the World Crisis . It was published at a time of severe depression ,when many were worried about the future.
    After Forchheimer died, Schauberger found another ally in Professor Werner Zimmermann who encouraged Viktor in 1935-1936 to write about the damage being wrought to the great rivers, the Rhine and the Danube, in a small 'new thought' magazine Tau . After Schauberger's death, two magazines published further collections of Schauberger's writings: Implosion was started by a student and collaborator of Viktor's, and published a number of his articles in the 1960s. Mensch und Technik in the 1970s published articles by and about Viktor Schauberger for the more free-thinking scientific community.
    Callum Coats has skillfully woven together these articles, together with correspondence with other scientists, friends and officials of one kind or another, into a fascinating tapestry which gives a true and very readable account of Schauberger's impassioned campaign to alert the world to the dangers of the prevailing scientific dogma. Unfortunately, not much has changed, and Schauberger's vision of how humanity could work cooperatively with Nature is perhaps more relevant than ever.
    Callum arranged this massive amount of material into a large volume, Eco-Technology. In considering this for publication, they realized that it would be much more accessible in several volumes, arranged by theme. This first one, The Water Wizard, is devoted to Schauberger's ideas about water and rivers. The second, Nature as Teacher, concerns the wider implications of his ideas on water and energy. The third, The Fertile Earth, describes the way trees transform energy, and processes of fertilization of the soil . The final volume, The Energy Revolution , gathers together the discussion and description of Schauberger's appliances for purifying and energizing water and for producing vast amounts of virtually free energy. Together with Living Energies, the Eco-technology series give a complete account of the vision and genius of one of the founders of the present ecological movement, and are an inspiration for all those who wish to see our precious Earth saved from extinction by short-sightedness and greed, and the emergence of a new partnership with bountiful Nature. Again, you can view and purchase all of these books through "AMAZON.COM", and will find the links to each book at the bottom of this page. Let's continue...

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the Natural Eco-Technological Theories of Viktor Schauberger

    Viktor Schauberger (30 June 1885 - 25 September 1958) was born in Austria of a long line of foresters stretching back some four hundred years. He developed a gift for accurate and intuitive observation so great that he was able to perceive the natural energies and other phenomena occurring in nature, which are still unrecognized by orthodox science. Refusing to attend University at the age of 18, to the fury of his father, Viktor Schauberger left home and spent a long period alone in the high, remote forest, contemplating, pondering and observing the many subtle energetic processes taking place in Nature's laboratory, where they were still undisturbed by human hand. During this period he developed very profound and radical theories, later to be confirmed practically, concerning water, the energies inherent in it and its desired natural form of motion. These eventually earned him the name of 'The Water Wizard'.
For the whole of his life he fought a running and often acrimonious battle with academia and its institutions, since his theories in the main were diametrically opposed to the so-called established facts of science. His practical demonstration of them always functioned as he had theorized, however, for he had come to understand the true inner workings of Nature and was able to emulate them.
    Viktor Schauberger's theories afford new insights into the naturally correct or naturalesque management of water. This encompasses its proper handling, storage, and conduction by means that promote its self-purification, the retention and enhancement of its natural energies and health. In this book, the close interrelationship between water and the forest (as a water-producer - not a water consumer) is examined. Also addressed is the problem of soil salinity and how this comes about through over-exposure of the soil to the radiance of the sun through deforestation and faulty agricultural practices, are also addressed. Indications are given as to how these may be avoided and overcome, due to Viktor Schauberger's radical and fundamentally new understanding of the coming into being and functioning of the groundwater table in relation to soil temperature.
    As a natural organism, water is formed and functions according to Nature's laws and geometry, the latter exhibiting none of the elements of the straight line, circle and point, the basis of modern mechanical and technological artifacts. Reflecting Nature's principal constant, namely that of continuous change and transformation, the vortex epitomizes this form of open, fluid and flexible motion. Through his study of the vortices occurring naturally in flowing water and in the air in the form of cyclones and tornadoes, Viktor Schauberger developed his theories of implosion. It was through the research and development of these theories that he was able to produce spring-quality water and generate considerable energies in and with water and air.
    In listing some of his accomplishments one could not do better than to quote from his book, "Our Senseless Toil", written in 1933:  "It is possible to regulate watercourses over any given distance without embankment works; to transport timber and other materials, even when heavier than water, for example ore, stones, etc., down the centre of such water-courses; to raise the height of the water table in the surrounding countryside and to endow the water with all those elements necessary for the prevailing vegetation. Furthermore it is possible in this way to render timber and other such materials non-inflammable and rot resistant; to produce drinking and spa-water for man, beast and soil of any desired composition and performance artificially, but in the way that it occurs in Nature; to raise water in a vertical pipe without pumping devices; to produce any amount of electricity and radiant energy almost without cost; to raise soil quality and to heal cancer, tuberculosis and a variety of nervous disorders... the practical implementation of this ... would without doubt signify a complete reorientation in all areas of science and technology. By application of these new found laws, I have already constructed fairly large installations in the spheres of log-rafting and river regulation, which as is known, have functioned faultlessly for a decade, and which today still present insoluble enigmas to the various scientific disciplines concerned."
    Water and its vital interaction with the forest was Viktor's principal preoccupation. He viewed water as a living entity, the 'Blood of Mother-Earth', which is born in the womb of the forest. Our mechanistic, materialistic and extremely superficial way of looking at things, however, prevents us from considering water to be anything other than inorganic, i.e. supposedly without life but, while apparently having no life itself, can nevertheless miraculously create life in all its forms. Life is movement and is epitomized by water, which is in a constant state of motion and transformation, both externally and internally. In confirmation of this fact, water is able to combine with more substances than any other molecule and, flowing as water, sap and blood, is the creator of the myriad life-forms on this planet. How then could it ever be construed as life-less in accordance with the chemist's clinical view of water, defined as the inorganic substance H₂O ? This short description is a gross misrepresentation. As the fundamental basis of all life, water is itself a living entity and should be treated as such. Failure to do so quickly transforms it into an enemy, rather than the nurturer and furtherer of all life that it should be.

"This civilization is the work of man, who high-handedly and ignorant of the true workings of Nature, has created a world without meaning or foundation, which now threatens to destroy him, for through his behavior and his activities, he, who should be her master, has disturbed Nature's inherent unity."

    Apart from the more familiar categories of water, there are, according to Viktor Schauberger, as many varieties of water as there are animals and plants. Were water merely the sterile, distilled H₂O as claimed by science, it would be poisonous to all living things. H₂O or 'juvenile water' is sterile, distilled water and devoid of any so-called 'impurities'. It has no developed character and qualities. As a young, immature, growing entity, it grasps like a baby at everything within reach. It absorbs the characteristics and properties of whatever it comes into contact with or has attracted to itself in order to grow to maturity. This "everything" - the so-called "impurities"- takes the form of trace elements, minerals, salts and even smells! Were we to drink pure H₂O constantly, it would quickly leach out all our store of minerals and trace elements, debilitating and ultimately killing us. Like a growing child, juvenile water takes and does not give. Only when mature, i.e. when suitably enriched with raw materials, is it in a position to give, to dispense itself freely and willingly, thus enabling the rest of life to develop. Before the birth of water, there was no life.
    But what is this marvelous, colorless, tasteless and odorless substance, which quenches our thirst like no other liquid? Did we but truly understand the essential nature of water - a living substance - we would not treat it so churlishly, but would care for it as if our lives depended on it, which undoubtedly they do.

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    "The Upholder of the Cycles which supports the whole of Life, is water. In every drop of water dwells the Godhead, whom we all serve; there also dwells Life, the Soul of the "First" substance - Water - whose boundaries and banks are the capillaries that guide it and in which it circulates."More energy is encapsulated in every drop of good spring water than an average-sized PowerStation is presently able to produce. " Indeed in accordance with the famous Hasenöhrl-Einstein equation E = mc² , in 1 gram of substance, or 1 cubic centimeter of water, 25 million kilowatt hours of energy are stored!
    Water is a being that has life and death. With incorrect, ignorant handling, however, it becomes diseased, imparting this condition to all other organisms, vegetable, animal and human alike, causing their eventual physical decay and death, and in the case of human beings, their moral, mental and spiritual deterioration as well. From this it can be seen just how vital it is, that water should be handled and stored in such a way as to avert such pernicious repercussions.
    "Science views the blood-building and character-influencing ur-organism" In Viktor Schauberger's writings in German, the prefix 'Ur' is often separated from the rest of the word by a hyphen, e.g. ' Ur -sache' in lieu of 'Ursache', when normally it would be joined. By this he intends to place a particular emphasis on the prefix, thus endowing it with a more profound meaning than the merely superficial. This prefix belongs not only to the German language, but in former times also to the English, a usage which has now lapsed. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, 'ur' denotes 'primitive', 'original', 'earliest', giving such examples as ' ur -Shakespeare' or ' ur -origin'. This begins to get to the root of Viktor's use of it and the deeper significance he placed upon it. If one expands upon the interpretation given in the Oxford English Dictionary, then the concepts of 'primordial', 'primeval', 'primal', 'fundamental', 'elementary', 'of first principle', come to mind, which further encompass such meanings as: - pertaining to the first age of the world, or of anything ancient; - pertaining to or existing from the earliest beginnings;- constituting the earliest beginning or starting point;- from which something else is derived, developed or depends;- applying to parts or structures in their earliest or rudimentary stage; - the first or earliest formed in the course of growth. To this can be added the concept of an ' ur -condition' or ' ur -state' of extremely high potential or potency, a latent evolutionary ripeness, which given the correct impulse can unloose all of Nature's innate creative forces. In the English text, therefore, the prefix "ur" will also be used wherever it occurs in the original German and the reader is asked to bear the above in mind when reading what follows. "'Water', when looked at as merely a chemical compound that provides millions of people with a liquid is absurd; from this point of view, it is everything but healthy water." But what does modern, de-naturised civilization care, as long as it receives a suitably hygienised, clear liquid to shower, wash its dishes, clothes and cars. Once down the plug-hole in company with all manner of toxic chemicals and detergents, all is comfortingly out of sight and out of mind.

    "Our primeval Mother Earth is an organism that no science in the world can rationalize. Everything on her that crawls and flies is dependent upon Her and all must hopelessly perish if that Earth dies that feeds us." Although the chlorination of drinking and household water-supplies ostensibly removes the threat of water-borne diseases, it does so, however, to the detriment of the consumer. In its function of water sterilizer or disinfectant, chlorine eradicates all types of bacteria, beneficial and harmful alike. More importantly, however, it also disinfects the blood (about 80% water) or sap (ditto) and in doing so kills off or seriously weakens many of the immunity-enhancing micro-organisms resident in the body of those organisms constantly forced to consume it. This eventually impairs their immune systems to such a degree that they are no longer able to eject viruses, germs and cancer cells, to which the respective host-bodies ultimately falls victim.
    The appearance of AIDS, therefore, and the enormous increase in all forms of disease, cancer in particular, would have come as no surprise to Viktor Schauberger. Apart from the other inevitable disturbances to the ecology and the environment occasioned by humanity's unthinking activities, he foresaw it all as early as 1933.
    "For a person who lives 100 years in the future, the present comes as no surprise."
Apart from other factors (some cannot be defined quantitatively), encompassing such aspects as turbidity (opaqueness), impurity, and quality, the most crucial factor affecting the health and energy of water is temperature.
    As a liquid, the behavior of water differs from all other fluids. The latter become consistently and steadily denser with cooling, water reaches its densest state at a temperature of +4^o C (+39.2^o F), below which it grows less dense. In contrast, water's behavior is anomalous, because it reaches its greatest density at a temperature of +4^oC (+39.2^oF). This is the so-called 'anomaly point', or the point of water's anomalous expansion, which is decisive in this regard and has a major influence on its quality. Below this temperature it once more expands. This highest state of density is synonymous with its highest energy content, a factor to be taken carefully into account, since energy can also be equated with life or life-force. Therefore if water's health, energy and life-force are to be maintained at the highest possible level, then certain precautions must be taken, which will be addressed later.
    Conceived in the cool, dark cradle of the virgin forest, water ripens and matures as it slowly mounts from the depths. On its upward way it gathers to itself trace elements and minerals. Only when it is ripe, and not before, will it emerge from the womb of the Earth as a spring. As a true spring, in contrast to a seepage spring, this has a water temperature of about +4^oC (+39.2^oF). Here in the cool, diffused light of the forest it begins its long, life-giving cycle as a sparkling, lively, translucent stream, bubbling, gurgling, whirling and gyrating as it wends its way valley wards. In its natural, self-cooling, spiraling, convoluting motion, water is able to maintain its vital inner energies, health and purity. In this way it acts as the conveyor of all the necessary minerals, trace elements and other subtle energies to the surrounding environment. Naturally flowing water seeks to flow in darkness or in the diffused light of the forest, thus avoiding the damaging direct light of the sun. Under these conditions, even when cascading down in torrents, a stream will only rarely overflow its banks. Due to its correct natural motion, the faster it flows, the greater its carrying capacity and scouring ability and the more it deepens its bed. This is due to the formation of in-winding, longitudinal, clockwise - anti-clockwise alternating spiral vortices down the central axis of the current, which constantly cool and re-cool the water, maintaining it at a healthy temperature and leading to a faster, more laminar, spiral flow.
    To protect itself from harmful effects of excess heat, water shields itself from the sun with over-hanging vegetation, for with increasing heat and light it begins to lose its vitality and health, its capacity to enliven and animate the environment through which it passes. Ultimately becoming a broad river, the water becomes more turbid, the content of small-grain sediment and silt increasing as it warms up, its flow becoming slower and more sluggish. However, even this turbidity plays an important role, because it protects the deeper water-strata from the heating effect of the sun. Being in a denser state, the colder bottom-strata retain the power to shift sediment of larger grain-size (pebbles, gravel, etc.) from the centre of the watercourse. In this way the danger of flooding is reduced to a minimum. The spiral, vortical motion mentioned earlier, which eventually led Viktor Schauberger to the formation of his theories concerning 'implosion', creates the conditions, where the germination of harmful bacteria is inhibited and the water remains disease-free.
    Another of its life-giving properties is its high specific heat - lowest at +37.5^oC (+99.5^oF). The term "specific heat" refers to the capacity and rapidity of a body to absorb or release heat. With a relatively small input of heat fluids with a high specific heat warm up less rapidly than those with a lower specific heat. How strange then, and how remarkable, that the lowest specific heat of this "inorganic" substance - water - lies but 0.5^oC (0.9^oF) above the normal +37^oC (+98.6^oF) blood temperature of the most highly evolved of Nature's creatures - human beings. This property of water to resist rapid thermal change enables us, with blood composed of 80% water, to survive under large variations of temperature. Pure accident so we are told, or is it by clever, symbiotic design ?! However, since we are used to thinking about temperature in gross terms (car engines operate at temperatures of 1,000^oC (1,832^oF) or so and many industrial processes employ extremely high temperatures) and despite the fact that we begin to feel unwell if our temperature rises by as little as 0.5^oC (0.9^oF), we fail to see that non-mechanical, organic life and health are based on very subtle differences in temperature. When our body temperature is +37^oC (98.6^oF) we do not have a 'temperature' as such. We are healthy and in a state that Viktor Schauberger called 'indifferent' or 'temperature-less'. Just as good water is the preserver of our proper bodily temperature, our anomaly point of greatest health and energy, so too does it preserve this planet as a habitat for our continuing existence. Water has the capacity to retain large amounts of heat and were there no water vapor in the atmosphere, this world of ours would be an icy-cold, barren wasteland. Water in all its forms and qualities is thus the mediator of all life and deserving of the highest focus of our esteem.
    "To Be or Not to Be: In Nature all life is a question of the minutest, but extremely precisely graduated differences in the particular thermal motion within every single body, which continually changes in rhythm with the processes of pulsation. This unique law, which manifests itself throughout Nature's vastness and unity and expresses itself in every creature and organism, is the ' law of ceaseless cycles' that in every organism is linked to a certain time span and a particular tempo. The slightest disturbance of this harmony can lead to the most disastrous consequences for the major life forms. In order to preserve this state of equilibrium, it is vital that the characteristic inner temperature of each of the millions of micro-organisms contained in the macro-organisms be maintained."

    The No. 1 enemy of water is excess heat or over-exposure to the sun's rays. It is a well-known fact that oxygen is present in all processes of organic growth and decay. Whether its energies are harnessed for either one or the other is to a very great extent, if not wholly, dependent on the temperature of the water as itself or in the form of blood or sap. As long as the water-temperature is below +9^oC (+48.2^oF), its oxygen content remains passive. Under such conditions the oxygen assists in the building up of beneficial, high-grade micro-organisms and other organic life. However, if the water temperature rises above this level, then the oxygen becomes increasingly active and aggressive. This aggressiveness increases as the temperature rises, promoting the propagation of pathogenic bacteria, which, when drunk with the water, infest the organism of the drinker.
    "Thus the development of micro-organisms and the opportunities for their propagation are simply a result of the condition in which the respective sickening macro-organism finds itself, which will be attacked by these parasites and which eventually must fall victim to them if its inner climatic conditions are no longer strictly regulated."
    But this aggressiveness is not confined to the domain of oxygen alone. When water becomes over-heated, due principally to the increasingly widespread clear-felling of the forest, the health-maintaining pattern of longitudinal vortices changes into transverse ones. These not only undermine and gouge into the riverbanks and embankment works, eventually bursting them, but also create pot-holes in the riverbed itself, bringing even greater disorder to an already chaotic channel-profile.
    According to Viktor Schauberger, water subjected to these conditions loses its character, its soul. Like humans of low character, it becomes increasingly violent and aggressive as it casts about hither and thither seeking to vent its anger and restore to itself its former health and stability.
However, due to the senseless malpractice of the clear-felling of forests, we are destroying the very foundation of life. For with the removal of the forest, two very serious things happen:
1). During its flow to the sea, the water warms up prematurely to such an extent that it is warmed right down to the channel-bed. No cool, dense, water-strata remain and the sediment is left lying on the bottom. This blocks the flow, dislocates the channel and results in the inevitable, often catastrophic floods. Yet we still have the effrontery to call these awesome events 'natural disasters', as if Nature herself were responsible. Furthermore, due to the broadening of the channel, even more water is exposed to the sun's heat, resulting in over-rapid evaporation to the atmosphere. In many cases this overloads the atmosphere with water-vapor, which it is unable to retain in suspension. Deluges follow.
2). With the forest-cover now removed, the ground also begins to heat up to temperatures much higher than normal and natural. Dry soil heats up as much as five times faster than water. This has a two-fold effect:
    a). The rejection and repulsion by the warmer soil of any incident rain-water, whose temperature in this case is generally lower. Cold rain will not readily infiltrate into warm soil. This results in rapid surface run-off and no groundwater recharge. The soil dries out.
    b). An increase in pathogenic microbial activity, harmful to plant life.

    The upshot of all this is more flooding, reduced groundwater quantity and lower groundwater table. One flood therefore begets the next in rapid succession. But since there is no groundwater recharge, the water-balance and natural distribution are completely upset. The remaining trees - the vital retainers of water - die, leaving the land barren and desiccated with the necessary sequel of drought. The less the tree-cover, the more extensive the flooding and the longer the period of drought, of water-lessness, which is synonymous with life-lessness !
    Unnatural, quantity-inspired forestry practices, ignorant of Nature's laws, and the over-warming of the soil arising from massive deforestation are the primary causes of the deterioration in water quality, climate and the sinking of the water table. The channeling of water through straight, unnaturally constructed, trapezoid canals, steel pipelines and other misguided systems of river regulation also force the water to move in an unnatural way and accelerate its degeneration and increase its disease-carrying capacity.

    "Wherever we look the dreadful disintegration of the bridges of life, the capillaries and the bodies they have created, is evident, which has been caused by the mechanical and mindless work of man, who has torn away the soul from the Earth's blood - water. The more the engineer endeavors to channel water, of whose spirit and nature he is today still ignorant, by the shortest and straightest route to the sea, the more the flow of water weighs into the bends, the longer its path and the worse the water will become. The spreading of the most terrible disease of all, of cancer , is the necessary consequence of such unnatural regulatory works. These mistaken activities - our work - must legitimately lead to increasingly widespread unemployment, because our present methods of working, which have a purely mechanical basis, are already destroying not only all of wise Nature's formative processes, but first and foremost the growth of the vegetation itself, which is being destroyed even as it grows. The drying up of mountain springs, the change in the whole pattern of motion of the groundwater, and the disturbance in the blood circulation of the organism - Earth - is the direct result of modern forestry practices. The pulse-beat of the Earth was factually arrested by the modern timber production industry. Every economic death of a people is always preceded by the death of its forests. The forest is the habitat of water and as such the habitat of life processes too, whose quality declines as the organic development of the forest is disturbed. Ultimately, due to a law which functions with awesome constancy, it will slowly but surely come around to our turn. Our accustomed way of thinking in many ways, and perhaps even without exception, is opposed to the true workings of Nature. Our work is the embodiment of our will. The spiritual manifestation of this work is its effect. When such work is carried out correctly, it brings happiness, but when carried out incorrectly, it assuredly brings misery."
    There is only one solution! Would we live and ensure a sustainable future then we must plant trees for our very lives, but far more importantly, we have a duty to do it for those of our children.
    More immediately, however, we must care for the very limited stocks of water still available. This means treating it in the way demonstrated to us by Nature. First and foremost, water should be protected from sunlight and kept in the dark, far removed from all sources of heat, light and atmospheric influences. Ideally it should be placed in opaque, porous containers, which on the one hand cut out all direct light and heat, and on the other, allow the water to breathe, which in common with all other living things, it must do in order to stay alive and healthy. In terms of what we can achieve personally, we should at all times ensure that our storage vessels, tanks, etc., are thoroughly insulated, so that the contained water is maintained at the coolest temperature possible under the prevailing conditions. The materials most suited to this are natural stone, timber (wooden barrels) and terracotta. Perhaps more than any other material, terracotta has been used for this purpose for millennia. Terracotta exhibits a porosity particularly well-suited to purposes of water storage. This is because it enables a very small percentage of the contained water to evaporate via the vessel walls. Evaporation is always associated with cooling (vaporization, however, with heat) and, according to Walter Schauberger (Viktor's physicist son), if the porosity is correct, then for every 600th part of the contents evaporated, the contents will be cooled by 1^oC (1.8^oF), thus approaching a temperature of +4^oC (+39.2^oF).
    While the material for the construction of a water-storage vessel has been addressed above, another important factor is the actual shape of the container itself. Most of the storage containers commonly in use today take the form of cubes, rectangular volumes of one form or another, or cylinders. While these are the shapes most easily and economically produced by today's technology, they do have certain drawbacks in terms of impeding natural water circulation and water suffocation. Due to their rectangular shape and/or right-angled corners, certain stagnant zones are created, conducive to the formation of pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, since the materials used are generally galvanized iron, fiber glass, concrete, etc., i.e. all impervious materials, the contained water is unable to breathe adequately and suffocates as a result. In this debilitated state or as a water-corpse, it is no longer either healthy or health-giving and may require further disinfection.
    Should we now make a study of those shapes that Nature chooses to propagate and maintain life, it soon becomes apparent that the cubes and cylinders mentioned above have no place in Nature's scheme of things. Instead, eggs and elongated egg-shapes such a grains and seeds are employed, presumably because Nature in her wisdom has determined that these produce the optimal results. Historically speaking, it is evident that earlier civilizations such as the Egyptians and Greeks, renown for their logic and constructional ability, were well aware of this, because they stored their grains and liquids (oils, wines, etc.) in terracotta amphorae, sealed with beeswax. All this despite the fact that for all rational, practical purposes, the shape was wholly unsuited to compact and efficient storage in terms of space and ease of handling. It is obvious that the selection of this form over any other was intentional and as the result of certain knowledge of the long-term storage properties of such shapes. In many amphorae that have surfaced in archaeological excavations over the last 100 years or so, grains of wheat have been found that were still viable and even after storage over 2,000 years, grew when planted. This fact alone should suffice to affirm the efficacy of the properties of vessels of such shape.
    Taking Viktor Schauberger's exhortation, "Comprehend and copy Nature!" as our guide, we should therefore make use of the shapes that Nature herself selects to contain, guard and maintain life, i.e. eggs and their derivations.
Compared with cubes and cylinders, these shapes have no stagnant zones, no right-angled corners that inhibit flowing movement. By placing our terracotta vessels in shaded areas, exposed to air movement, the evaporative cooling effect will be significantly enhanced and since all natural movement of liquids and gases is triggered by differences in temperature, so too inside the egg-shaped storage vessel, cyclical, spiral, vitalizing movement of the water will be induced.
    Movement is an expression of energy and energy is synonymous with life. The external evaporation causes cooling of the outer walls and the water in their immediate vicinity. Being cooler and therefore denser, this water becomes specifically heavier and sinks down along the walls towards the bottom at the same time forcing the water there to rise up the centre and move towards the outside walls. Continual repetition of this process results in the constant circulation and cooling of the contents.
    Having discussed the above ideal storage vessel and in view of the fact that they are presently not available on the market, it would be a sorry omission, if methods of improving existing installations were not also addressed. The main factor to be taken into account here is that of exposure to light and heat. Where possible, all above-ground water tanks, whether of galvanized iron, fiber-glass or concrete, should be insulated on all sides and external surfaces through the application of sprayed foam or equivalent thermal barrier to a minimum thickness of 75mm. If not already white or of a light, heat-reflecting color, then it should be so painted. For in-ground tanks, the top surface only need be insulated and rendered white in color.
    For many people dams or rivers provide the main source of water and certain simple measures can be taken to improve the quality of the water obtained from them. Providing the surrounding soil is not impervious to water, a hole of suitable dimension, depth and capacity (say 1,000 - 2,000 liters) should be dug about 5 - 10 meters from the banks of the dam or river. If possible the depth should be equal to the depth of the latter. Wells dug next to dams should be situated above the highest water level. If the consistency of the soil is permeable enough, then water will percolate through the intervening soil and into the newly excavated well. Depending on the stability and load-bearing capacity of the soil (a structural engineer should be consulted it there is any doubt), a small concrete, perimeter footing should be placed at a safe and stable distance from the rim of the well. When the concrete has cured and set firmly, then a minimum of 1 course of blocks should be laid to prevent the entry of any surface water. In the case of wells next to rivers, however, it may be necessary to raise the height of the block work to just above the average height of flood waters to prevent contamination of the well water during floods.
    The well should then be totally enclosed and sealed with a well-insulated timber and sheet-metal roof, or a concrete slab, and provided with an access hatch to service the pump and/or suction pipe and foot-valve. Preferably the pump should be located outside the well-space to avoid any possible oil pollution, etc.
    The reason for having the 1,000 - 2,000 liter storage capacity mentioned earlier, is that it may only be possible to pump water intermittently, because the rate of replenishment from the main water source may be fairly slow, depending on the permeability of the soil. In the event that the soil surrounding a dam or a river is impervious, then it would be necessary to excavate a channel about 600 mm wide between the well and the main water body. The lower part of this should be filled with clean, quartz sand to a depth of about 600 mm and the upper part back-filled with the excavated material and compacted. As the water percolates through either the existing soil or the emplaced sand most suspended matter will be filtered out. Also, because the water accesses the well at the lowest level, the water actually transferred from the main water source to the well will be as cool as possible under the prevailing conditions. In this state it is less likely to harbor harmful, pathogenic bacteria, which tend to populate the upper, more highly oxygenated strata of the main water body.
    The adoption of such measures on the author's own property produced an extremely clear, clean, odorless and good tasting water. Despite all outward appearances, however, it is still advisable to have such water tested for quality, purity and any possible contaminants by the responsible authorities. In terms of its mineral, salt and trace-element content, river-water would generally be far richer than tank-water (rainwater). With reference to the immature and mature water discussed at the beginning, in most cases it would be necessary to supplement the mineral content of rainwater, if this is the only source of drinking water, in order to prevent the extraction of these from the body of the drinker. Here the suspension of an artificial-fiber sack (rot-proof) containing the dust of crushed basalt or other igneous rock used for road building (commonly known as 'crusher dust') would do much to enhance the composition of the tank water, because it will hungrily absorb those elements it requires to become mature. However, before adding any crusher dust to the water, it would be again advisable to test the resulting change in the quality by analyzing the difference between two samples of tank water, one with crusher-dust added and one without as a control. Both samples should then be placed in a cool, dark place and left for at least a week before analysis of the mineral content, bacterial purity, etc. is carried out. This should be done by a suitably qualified specialist.
    These suggestions for improving water quality are the result of my personal experience and understanding of Viktor Schauberger's pioneering discoveries and theories. Viktor Schauberger's great dictum, frequently asserted, was " C² - Comprehend & Copy Nature ", for it was only thus that humanity could emerge from its present crisis-stricken condition. "They call me deranged. The hope is that they are right! It is of no greater or lesser import for yet another fool to wander this Earth. But if I am right and science is wrong, then may the Lord God have mercy on mankind!"

    Indeed at the Stuttgart University of Technology, West Germany in 1952 these theories were tested under strict scientific and laboratory conditions by Professor Dr. Ing. Franz Pöpel, a hydraulics specialist. These tests showed that, when water is allowed to flow in its naturally ordained manner, it actually generates certain energies, ultimately achieving a condition that could be termed 'negative friction'. Checked and double-checked, this well-documented, but largely unpublicized, pioneering discovery not only vindicated Viktor Schauberger's theories. It also over-turned the hitherto scientifically sacred 'Second Law of Thermodynamics' in which, without further or continuous input of energy, all (closed) systems must degenerate into a condition of total chaos or entropy. These experiments proved that this law, whilst it applies to all mechanical systems, does not apply wholly to living organisms.
    As a result of these discoveries, it was arranged that Viktor Schauberger be taken to the United States in 1958, where sums amounting potentially to many millions of dollars could be made available as start-capital for a Los Alamos-like venture to develop Viktor Schauberger's theories of Implosion. He was accompanied by his son, Walter Schauberger, a physicist and mathematician, to assist in the scientific interpretation of his father's theories. Soon after arrival, however, various misunderstandings developed, too complex to elaborate here, whereupon Viktor Schauberger fell silent and refused to participate. After some three months of silence the project was abandoned. Viktor and Walter Schauberger were then permitted to return to Austria, where Viktor died in Linz some five days later on the 25th September 1958, a very disillusioned man.
    On their return journey, Viktor asked Walter to translate his theories of Implosion into terms of physics, geometry and mathematics, in such manner that their veracity was irrefutable. Because Viktor Schauberger's concepts broke new ground, this presented some difficulty. There was no adequate scientific terminology to describe them, nor was there any mathematical basis from which the necessary shapes could be precisely defined or constructed. With his own devices and apparatuses, Viktor Schauberger had also encountered problems of construction, which in part affected the optimum functioning of these machines, because the state and sophistication of the technology then avail-able was inadequate and too cumbersome to build them properly and accurately.
    The vital development of a new technology, harmonious and conforming to Nature's laws, demands a radical and fundamental change in our way of thinking and to our approach to the interpretation of the established doctrines and facts of physics, chemistry, agriculture, forestry and water management. As a pointer as to how such a new technology should come about, let me quote Viktor Schauberger once more:

""How else should it be done then?", was always the immediate question. The answer is simple: "Exactly in the opposite way that it is done today!""

(NOTE: All quotations in italics were taken from Viktor Schauberger's writings during the period 1930 - 1933)

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The Beginnings of Genius :

In the district where Schauberger lived and worked, there had been no interference in the balance of Nature and Viktor was thus able to observe events that are today inconceivable, and which no longer take place (because of the enormous deterioration of the environment). It was here that he acquired the insights into the natural movement of water that resulted in the building of his first log flume. Here too he first became aware of other levitational energies found in water. One day, in the middle of a very cold winter, as he was about to cross over a fast-flowing mountain stream, he flushed a stationary trout from its lair. Startled, he sought a firm hold for his staff on the stream bed. The trout's lightning flash upstream immediately caused a number of questions to race through his mind:

"How did the trout actually manage to get to this spot"? Later I saw dozens of them in the same stream; a stream which, about a kilometer downstream, was cut off by a 60 meter high waterfall - which atomized the water into a veil of mist. "How did it traverse the waterfall"?

"How was it able to flee upstream like a streak of greased lightning, in mockery of all the laws of gravity? How was it possible for this fish to stand so motionlessly, only steering itself with slight movements of its tail-fins, in this wildly torrential flow, which made my staff shake so much that I could hardly hang onto it?

"What forces enabled the trout to overcome its own body-weight so effortlessly and quickly, and, at the same time, overcome the specific weight of the heavy water flowing against it?

Why didn't the water freeze even during periods of severe frost with temperatures below -30° Centigrade?"

While Viktor undoubtedly had an special talent for observation, a penetrating power of perception undimmed by preconceptions, he also developed what might be called an active consciousness -  an ability to go beyond the merely "visual" in search of what lay behind a given phenomenon. This taught him a great deal and this ability gradually evolved, as he explained:

"The Schauberger's' principal preoccupation was the conservation of the forest and wild game, and even in earliest youth my fondest desire was to understand Nature, and thus to come closer to the truth; a truth that I was unable to discover either at school or in church.

"In this quest, I was thus drawn time and time again, up into the forest. I could sit for hours on end and watch the water flowing by without ever becoming tired or bored. At the time I was still unaware that in water the greatest secret lay hidden. Nor did I know that water was the carrier of life or the ur-source of what we call consciousness. Without any preconceptions, I simply let my gaze fall on the water as it flowed past. It was only years later that I came to realize that running water attracts our consciousnesses like a magnet and draws a small part of it along in its wake. It is a force that can act so powerfully, that one temporarily loses consciousness, and involuntarily falls asleep. As time passed, I began to play a game with water's secret powers; I surrendered my so-called free consciousness and allowed the water to take possession of it for a while. Little by little this game became very earnest, because I realized that one could detach one's own consciousness from the body and attach it to that of the water."

"When my own consciousness was eventually returned to me, then the water's deeply concealed psyche often revealed the most extraordinary things to me. As a result of this investigation a researcher was born, who could dispatch his consciousness on a voyage of discovery, as it were. In this way I was able to experience things that had escaped other people's notice, because they were unaware that a human being is able to send forth his free consciousness into those places the eyes cannot see."

"By practicing this blindfolded vision, I eventually developed a bond with mysterious Nature, whose essential being I then slowly learnt to perceive and understand."

Water, forests, natural energies and their generation were ever his passionate concern. In our present way of looking at things, he would probably be considered one of the world's first "greenies" (Dr. Richard St. Barbe-Baker, founder of 'The Men of the Trees' in 1922, and also Viktor's friend, being another). Viktor had tremendous foresight and an enormous capacity for writing, reputedly having composed many, many thousands of pages. At times, apparently in a trance-like state, he wrote for hours on his typewriter with no idea of what he had written until finally reading it at the end. Amongst other things, he set down all of what he saw would inevitably happen, (if we did not mend our ways and change our whole approach to the environment) both technologically and conceptually. All the various crises that are today engulfing humanity, Schauberger foresaw as long ago as 1930. When questioned on his predictions, he answered very simply, saying that, "For a person who lives 100 years in the future, the present is no surprise."

In the late 1920s as a result of the successful operation of Viktor's Steyrling log-flume, Prof .Philipp Forchheimer was asked by the Austrian Government to investigate his unusual theories. Through their collaboration, Forchheimer gradually became aware of the truth of Viktor's ideas, eventually insisting that Viktor put all his discoveries down on paper, for he thought these theories were not only valid, but extremely valuable. Forchheimer later confided that he was delighted to have retired, because he would now be relieved of the humiliating task of telling his students that he had been teaching them rubbish for the last forty-five years!

With the cooperation of Prof. Wilhelm Exner, President of the Austrian Academy of Science and inventor of the Exner electroscope, a treatise of Viktor Schauberger's, entitled "Turbulence", which described the braking function of vortices and their relation to water temperature, was placed under seal and on deposit at the Austrian Academy of Science on January 1st, 1930. This was done, not only to ensure the precedence of Viktor Schauberger's theories on water movement, but also to safeguard them for some time in the future. While stressing its value, Forchheimer considered there to be no point in publishing it at the time, because the hydrological world was not ready. The science of hydraulics would first have to change its values and way of thinking before these trail-breaking concepts could be taken seriously. It wasn't until 1974 that this document was released to Viktor's son, Walter Schauberger..

Forchheimer did change his views later, however, and saw to it that Viktor's pioneering theories on temperature and its effect on the movement of water were published in 1930-31 in a series of articles in "Die Wasserwirtschaft", the Austrian Journal of Hydrology. This showed Forchheimer to be all that a true scientist should be, and rarely is. It demonstrated the honesty and humility of a sincere academic who was prepared to accept that his former ideas had been wrong and that current thinking could be changed; that there was another way of looking at things. Pictured to the left are two of Viktor Schauberger's theories on water movement through a river channel, and it's practical application in a log flume (click for a larger view). Viktor Schauberger's British Patent: 415280 - Water Conduits.

Viktor's aim was always to try to perceive the dynamic reality behind what he saw as physical illusion. He claimed, and rightly so, that by and large, we human beings are extremely superficial, looking for and only seeing direct relations between cause and effect, whereas Nature always moves indirectly. But worse than this, in our ignorance of the unseen dynamic behind the seen manifestation, we mistake the effect for the cause, greatly compounding this error by failing to see that an effect becomes the cause for a further effect in an endless chain of causes and effects. As Viktor comments:

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"Our thinking is inconsistent with what we actually see. The eye is a perfect, natural organ. The seen image is a reaction phenomenon. Using an artificial optical apparatus, the same effect, for example, can only be obtained by a roundabout way, by means of a negative. The eye, on the other hand, immediately presents us with the diapositive, namely the true image."

"Our sight constitutes an unconscious, automatic transformation process, through which the negative image - like a photographic negative - (i.e. the effect), is transformed into a positive one, like a diapositive color slide. Our thinking, however, is really a purely individual, conscious process and therefore learnable. If our thinking is to attain the same perfection as our seeing, then we must change our way of thinking and learn to see reality, not as an action, but as a reaction. Perfect thought lies in the apprehension of the correct reaction, for before the eye can show us the positive, it must first transform the negative and in a certain manner must break up what it records. What we see therefore, is the turning inside out of what we receive. What our mind grasps in this way must be re-formed and re-thought if we wish to attain what we strive for."

Our direct mental approach towards the understanding and investigation of natural phenomena (our present materialistic and scientifically ingrained view that only the physically palpable and measurable represents the true reality), has lead to greater and greater confusion and the need to elaborate more and more complex theories to explain the various functions of the physical world. Our great omission has been our total disregard and our failure to come to grips in depth with the more ephemeral, unseen, yet fundamental energetic causalities. Like the negative mentioned in the quotation above, these energies manifest themselves only indirectly, the physical constructs of the outer physical world being a positive reflection of their respective functions. What we perceive as the foundation of physical reality - a reality to which we have ascribed laws - is therefore only half of the truth, for in their dynamic these formative magnitudes conform to a sublime inner law of energetic reciprocities:

"Nature is not served by rigid laws, but by rhythmical, reciprocal processes. Nature uses none of the preconditions of the chemist or the physicist for the purposes of evolution. Nature excludes all fire, on principle, for purposes of growth; therefore all contemporary machines are unnatural and constructed according to false premises. Nature avails herself of the biodynamic form of motion through which the biological prerequisite for the emergence of life is provided. Its purpose is to ur-procreate 'higher' conditions of matter out of the originally inferior raw materials, which afford the evolutionally older, or the numerically greater rising generation, the possibility of a constant capacity to evolve, for without any growing and increasing reserves of energy there would be no evolution or development. This results first and foremost in the collapse of the so-called Law of the Conservation of Energy, and in further consequence the Law of Gravity, and all other dogmatic lose any rational or practical basis."

In Viktor's view Western science and education generally left much to be desired. Our civilization suffered from a myopic compartmentalization of the mind, which prevented a detached overview, a synthesis of what was observed:

"Today's science thinks too primitively; indeed it could be said that its thinking is an octave too low. It has still not ventured far enough into the realm of energy, and its attitude has remained development was necessary, for how else should a misguided humanity perceive the true interdependencies?"

"Without doubt, therefore, there is a definite intention to teach young people upside-down methods of working with which they have to miss-earn their daily bread. That is to say, instead of moving forwards, they go backwards all the more rapidly in step with the improvements in the contrary methods of motion. For only thus can today's teaching principles flourish."

In contrast to contemporary science, Viktor saw will and spirit as the principal causative forces of physical existence. They work through the agency of various lower orders and magnitudes of energy belonging to the 4th and 5th dimensions, i.e. through those more subtle, non-spacial dimensions of being that are inherent, but are not perceived, in the three dimensional world to which we are accustomed. Of ethereal nature and endowed with very high frequencies and formative potencies, they could also be termed 'potentialities', which in their extremely sensitive and unstable state of energetic equilibrium await the right stimulus and occasion to manifest themselves. In being able to speak of these higher and therefore more powerfully and profoundly structuring dimensions of reality, Viktor's own comprehension of them must have been at the level of the 6th dimension, a level where the encapsulation and understanding of a given concept or phenomenon is both simultaneous and total. Perhaps this might be termed the dimension of 'thought' or pure truth, a crystal-clear transparency, a complete comprehension of the wholeness devoid of all uncertainty and unclarity.

From 1930-1933 Viktor Schauberger worked with systems for water regeneration and the production of high-quality drinking water for which patents were applied in 1934. This rather cumbersome prototype was later followed by an egg-shaped device which was much smaller and far more efficient. When tested to its extreme power, however, it developed such powerful internal suction that even mercury seals (of extremely densely packed molecular structure) were unable to withstand the enormous suction generated and leaked into the water undergoing treatment. Despite the fact that this leakage occurred only when extremely high vacuum effects were present, which were absent under normal conditions of operation, the Government argued through its consultant Professor Diering that the public could not be exposed to the hazard of mercury poisoning. Laying heavy emphasis on this, all further use of the machine for the regeneration and production of spring-quality water and super-distilled water was forbidden. Indeed Viktor Schauberger's machine had evidently offended somebody in high places, for it was confiscated and destroyed by the Austrian police.

Always a thorn in the side of scientific and government institutions, Viktor's long battle to save both the Rhine and the Danube from total ruin, was, ultimately lost through their rejection of his practical suggestions. In early 1932 he wrote a paper about the rehabilitation of the Danube detailing the measures that needed to be taken in order to reinstate it as the magnificent river it had been in days of yore. This paper was included as a separate chapter in "The Danube", a study undertaken by the International Danube Commission and consisting of submissions from the Danube's various contiguous countries.

When officialdom discovered with horror that Viktor's contribution had been incorporated into this major work, the whole edition was recalled, destroyed and republished in October 1932 omitting the offending article, disregarding the publishing costs of the original edition which amounted to over 100,000 schillings, which was a very large sum at the time. Whatever might have been thought of Viktor Schauberger in Austria, word of his abilities and the statements contained in his new book, "Our Senseless Toil -- the Source of the World Crisis", evidently reached others ears, including those of Adolf Hitler. At a time when the relations between Austria and Germany were at an all-time low, Viktor Schauberger was summoned to an audience with the Reichschancellor Hitler, in Berlin. Special papers were arranged and all the documentation carried out within one day. Suddenly Viktor Schauberger left for Berlin and a meeting with Hitler, who greeted him warmly as a fellow countryman, telling him that he had studied all the reports about his work thoroughly and was very impressed with what he had learned.

Thirty minutes had been allocated for the discussions, which Prof. Max Planck had been requested to attend as scientific adviser shortly before he was rudely deposed from his position as Privy Counselor. This exchange of views eventually lasted 11 hours, during which Schauberger explained the destructive action of contemporary technology and its inevitable consequences. He contrasted this with all the processes of natural motion and temperature, of the vital relation between trees, water and soil productivity, indeed all the things he considered had to be thoroughly understood and practiced in order to create a sustainable and viable society.

When Viktor had finished his explanations, Max Planck, who had remained silent, was asked his opinion about Viktor's natural theories. His response was the remarkable and revealing statement that "Science has nothing to do with Nature". Pausing for a moment to take in this astonishing admission, Viktor then referred to the proposed four-year plan, the so-called Goering Plan, stating that, not only was the time frame far too short, but, if instituted, it would gradually undermine and ultimately destroy Germany's biological foundations. As a result, the Third Reich would last only ten instead of the boasted 1,000 years. (Viktor was not far out in his estimate!)

During the earlier part of the discussion, Hitler had been enthusiastic, but he became greatly perturbed at what he had just heard and ordered his technical and economic advisers, Keppler and Wiluhn, to discuss with Schauberger what could be done. Once outside the door, these two men demanded to know how Viktor had got in there in the first place. Angered at their truculently condescending air, he replied "Through the same door I've just come out of!" Seeing that his ideas had no hope of acceptance, and leaving them gaping, he returned to his hotel and left for Austria the following morning. Keppler and Wiluhn, however, were to get their revenge later, after the Anschluss on March 13th, 1938. Despite the new order after the Anschluss and the Sword of Damocles now hanging over his head, by now hardened to setbacks and with indomitable courage and a mind never still for a moment, Viktor quietly continued his research. His main drive was to investigate phenomena and correlations that interested him. Once he had discovered that something worked, he noted the fact, and then got on with the next project. He was never very interested in commercializing what he discovered.

As ever, he pursued ways of generating energy with water through the interaction of complementary, but opposite forms of energy. Examples of this were heat and cold, suction and pressure, electricity and magnetism, (in each case the opposites combine to create a unity) through their synthesizing, reciprocal interaction. He eventually came to realize that if a suction effect was ingeniously engaged first, and then pressure introduced behind it on the same axis, an extremely powerful system of propulsion could be created. According to his customary practice, in 1937-38 Viktor applied for patents for these new ideas. Once again he was the victim of deceit and his ideas were usurped, for, in a later letter to his son Walter, he wrote that copies of the preliminary application had been fraudulently obtained by Prof. Ernst Heinkel, the famous aircraft designer, through a firm of patent attorneys, Lehmann-Harlens in Berlin. By mining the information contained in this document, Heinkel obtained insights into how a jet-engine could be produced, even though he misinterpreted its findings; his first prototype exploded due to his lack of proper understanding. With a certain absence of principle, he then sought Viktor's collaboration in the project. Although some initial discussion eventually took place, Viktor did not cooperate, having become aware of what Heinkel had done, and further contact between the two men ceased. Using his ill-gotten gains, however, Heinkel persevered with his research, which culminated in the construction of the first successful jet-plane, its first flight being on August 27th, 1939.

Although Heinkel never had the honesty to reveal the source of the ideas for his invention, keeping all the kudos for himself, this jet plane was nevertheless built as a direct result of Viktor's theories. Viktor Schauberger is therefore the real father of the present jet age. He even went as far as to state that in order to develop and build fast-flying, supersonic aircraft successfully, the bodily forms of deep-sea fish should be copied. Today's 'stealth bombers' very much emulate these forms. In 1939 Viktor's personal research virtually came to an end, all the materials he needed being appropriated for war production. In 1941, however, he was summoned by Air Marshal Ernst Udet to discuss the growing crisis of energy production and means of solving it. Premises were subsequently set up near Augsburg for research and development, all of which came to nothing partly due to the death of Udet and partly because it was bombed by the Allies in 1942.

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In 1943, despite his incapacitating war wounds and 58 years of age, Viktor was declared fit for active duty and was inducted into the Waffen-SS, very much under duress. He came under the control of Heinrich Himmler, who forced him into research to develop a new secret weapon. Provided with suitable accommodation at Schloss Schonbrunn, the nearby Mauthausen Concentration Camp to supply the workforce of prisoner engineers, Viktor was threatened with his life if he did not comply with orders and carry out this research.

In spite of these threats, however, Viktor put his foot down and demanded from the SS Command the absolute right to select the various engineers he needed. He further demanded that any technicians he chose were to be removed entirely from the camp, fed properly, dressed in normal civilian clothes and billeted in civilian accommodation, otherwise they would be unproductive. As he explained, people who live in fear of their lives and under great emotional stress could work neither consistently nor creatively. Surprisingly the SS agreed and so Viktor selected somewhere between twenty and thirty engineers, craftsmen and tradesman from Mauthausen, to be accommodated in various houses near the plant.

When they were all assembled, Viktor exhorted them to work as hard as they could, but under no circumstances were they to attempt to escape, otherwise his own life would be forfeit. They set to work with a will, and, while not understanding what Viktor was trying to achieve, they nevertheless carried out his instructions faithfully. Two machines were eventually built, one called a 'Repulsator' and the other a 'Repulsine', reflecting their forces of recoil. Accurate information about them is difficult to obtain, because after the end of the War all top-secret information was confiscated by the Allies - the Russians, French, English and Americans - and is therefore no longer available to the general public.

Both machines operated with the densifying forces of implosion, which are far more powerful than those of explosion. This is why Viktor Schauberger was eventually taken to the United States in 1958, because the Americans obviously knew that he had been working on such prototypes, the Russians too, since they had thoroughly ransacked his apartment in Vienna after they occupied the city. Viktor Schauberger was lucky, however; ecause due to the bombing of Vienna, he had been moved by the SS, together with his team of engineers, to Leonstein in Upper Austria. Therefore at the end of the war in May 1945 he came under the jurisdiction of the American forces of occupation.

In Leonstein Viktor was placed in protective custody for six months by the Americans and quartered inside a doubly-fenced and guarded perimeter. This was done partly to glean information about his involuntary, though to him useful wartime research at Mauthausen and Leonstein, and partly to prevent his abduction by the Russians. For Viktor however, this was a time of reflection and reassessment of his future.

During this immediately postwar period food was still extremely scarce and many people were suffering from malnutrition. When he was ultimately released, eventually moving to Salzburg in late 1946, he then set about applying his wide knowledge to agriculture and the systems of cultivation then in use. In collaboration with Franz Rosenberger, he was able to demonstrate that significant increases in productivity could be achieved using the knowledge he had acquired in Bulgaria before the war. All progress in this area subsequently being blocked by corrupt politicians in 1949, Viktor then returned to his study of implosion, energy generation, and water movement, trying with his limited funds to pick up the threads of his earlier research, culminating in a scientific investigation and vindication of his theories on the natural flow of water at Stuttgart Technical University in 1952 under the direction of Prof.Franz Popel.

With enquiring mind and tenacity of purpose, Viktor continued to work on his various devices. Aloys Kokaly, the publisher of Implosion, a magazine devoted to Viktor Schauberger's theories, and a former corporal in the Waffen-SS who had managed by devious means to procure materials for Viktor's research at Schloss Schonbrunn, asked him why he was still working so hard, to which Viktor replied:

"I must furnish those who would protect or save life, with an energy source, which produces energy so cheaply that nuclear fission will not only be uneconomical, but ridiculous. This is the task I have set myself in what little life I have left."

The product of this last personal effort is the home-power generator, which, due to Viktor's very limited pensioner's funds and its resulting crude, unsophisticated construction, did not function as well as he had hoped, for as it transpired, this machine was an unfortunate compromise between the geometry of mechanics and that of organics. It was a miserable culmination to the life's work of this quite remarkable man.

His overriding desire was to provide present and future generations with the ability in terms of knowledge and machines with which to usher in and sustain a golden age of prosperity, peace and harmony. His chief problem was always to find honest and unselfish people to help in the development and production of the various apparatuses needed to bring this about. In many instances his trust was sadly misplaced, as illustrated in extracts from a letter of the 4th February 1958 to a friend, a certain Mr. "R"', about 7 months before Viktor died. He had had no appreciation or support from the government or anyone else in Austria. So when he was eventually approached by Americans who expressed an enthusiastic interest in developing his theories on implosion, Viktor felt that at last something positive would happen; for America was such a powerful country with tremendous entrepreneurial energy. He was by this time quite exasperated at the behavior of Europeans and what he had suffered at their hands, and in a conversation with Aloys Kokaly, Viktor, somewhat embittered, declared:

"An American aircraft consortium offered me 3.5 million dollars; a similar offer was made by Canadian interests. You didn't want it in Europe, so now you'll have to get it back from America expensively!" This all came to pass, but as we shall see, nothing ever came back to Europe, nor to the rest of the world for that matter. This has been the greatest loss and misfortune for humanity at large.

Now for some real "fun"! As on my Nikola Tesla pages, I simply can not resist the opportunity to start everyone thinking deeper on each of these subjects...and, quite honestly, our very lives, and the life of Planet Earth could depend on all of us taking up "new" and better practices, when it comes to how we treat our environment, our bodies, agriculture...and WATER. Yes...plain ol' common WATER.

An "Egg - shaped" Compost heap...?! So what's this about? Anyone with an interest in their own health, in agriculture, ecology and even the well being of our precious planet must include the knowledge of Viktor Schauberger in their studies.

By the close observation of nature, Viktor unraveled the secrets of our planet's life giving liquid, the blood of our earth and most valuable resource WATER. Alas, much of his work fell on deaf and cowardly ears, for so powerful were the things he clarified that his inventions were abused, ignored, destroyed or invalidated by those of self vested power with small minds and covert intent.

If he had been heard, understood and embraced, many of our worlds troubles would be resolved. From his technology of "Living Water" comes an endless supply for drinking and even enough to quench the thirsts of deserts so that they may grow crops. His understanding of it's nature of flow led to devices that harness the power of centripetal motion and implosion. From the vortex comes the frictionless generation of electricity, powerful kinetic motive power and levitation! A word of advise to all who surf here...Search out and learn the knowledge of this wise man.

Why an egg shaped compost heap? Find out for yourself...pick up a copy of "Living Energies" by Callum Coats, listed below. The following is just a peek at some fundamental data Viktor Schauberger has revealed. It has relevance for us all, and I trust it will stimulate you to think, then take action. Here are some notes from the book "Living Energies"...enjoy...and - THINK! ... FDG.

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Water, as it relates to drinking water. Without water, organic life quite simply, would not exist.

We all require it, and when we use poor quality water we covertly compromise our good health. Global thoughtless use and abuse of our earths'  water has now gotten to a point where our entire planet is at risk of pollution and disease and ultimately major planetary catastrophe. Many an opportunist will profit from the "clean water" that he sells, you are already being encouraged to use it, and guess what?? The water you buy in the shops is still not up to the vitalizing, nourishing quality your body deserves...!! So, in the here and now, mankind's continued ignorance and abuse will destroy the fundamental resources of our earth... it's water, air and soils. Without these simple things,  we can never expect to see prosperity, good health or personal freedom as  God-given human rights.

So, lets take a look at what Viktor Schauberger reckons, when it comes to determining what kind of water is good to drink:

Distilled water - Distilled water is evaporated to steam then condensed as a pure fluid; it appears chemically clean. In this state, water by it's intrinsic nature, will draw to it's self anything it can dissolve in order to fulfill a basic function...that of a carrier of substances. Distilled water will only remain so, as long as it is not given the opportunity to make contact with soluble materials.

Drinking distilled water as a regular routine is dangerous!! It acts as a purgative and will strip trace elements and minerals from your body!! Don't buy too much of this stuff at the shops and don't use a distiller to drink from...you have been warned!

Rain water - With an unpolluted atmosphere, rainwater is the purest naturally occurring water in nature, but unfortunately much of our globe no longer has this occur as acid rain is a direct consequence of our ignorant ways. Like distilled water, rainwater is unsuitable as drinking water and should also be avoided over a long term basis. Rainwater could be seen as a young adolescent that has yet to go through the maturing process the earth provides.

Juvenile water - This water comes from the ground, often from great depths and forced upwards (maybe appearing as a geyser) or pumped to the surface as from a deep bore. It is still lacking it's quota of minerals and is deficient in dissolved carbons. As drinking water goes, it's marginal at best.

Surface water - It has contact with the earth so the opportunity of it to dissolve materials is present. Keep in mind that pollutants with in a particular area are definite minus points. Surface water is also generally exposed to direct sunlight, and when collected into and stored in an open dam, the water's energy value becomes damaged by the influences of the heat and light. Note: drinking water should never be exposed to direct sunlight...!!

Groundwater - Retrieved from the ground, this water is getting pretty good as it generally has a high dissolved mineral content. In it's journey above the impervious sub stratum it may appear as seepage springs in gullies, or as shallow wells.

Spring water - The prime source of vitalizing drinking water. It is ripe in minerals, trace elements and dissolved carbons. It's high state of vitality is seen in it's shimmering energetic bluish color, no other water looks like this. The water rises from the earth with the qualities of  levitation, it is very cool and will approach the anomaly point of +4 C. The streams they create are collection points for drinking water, and provided the stream is not contaminated by agriculture and human habitation, it remains very drinkable, well worth the finding...

Storage of drinking water.

If you are fortunate to live within reach of true spring water or quality ground water, I'd strongly recommend that you collect it, take it home and drink just it.!!

On "missions", I've traveled to get good, pure, drinking water, and (in Europe) I've collected it in large glass bottles. Brim full the bottles; then seal them with a cork. Ensure you leave no air in the bottle as this helps to stop the water from slopping around inside. Secure them well for your journey, then cover to keep out sunlight. Once home, transfer the water to your storage vessel. A suitable storage vessel for your drinking water must comply with a few fundamental parameters.

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1.) The vessel needs to prevent light from reaching the water within.

2.) The vessel will encourage the water to circulate via an internal temperature gradient.

3.) The vessel will keep the water cool.

4.) The vessel has a lid to prevent dust contaminates from entering.

During World War Two,  Victor Schauberger was interned in a Nazi concentration camp and was forced to work on a flying disk project using his ideas. (If you missed PAGE ONE and PAGE TWO, go back now, and review for the actual stories!). It is not known if the project was completed, or, if the saucers actually flew in Germany. Reports vary, and no confirmed documentation remains. It is rather convincingly coincidental, however, that our own (US) pilots reported "strange flying disks" over Germany just prior to the War's end. After World War II,  Viktor migrated to the United States on promises by various agencies (CIA) to help him develop and test his ideas. Those promises later proved to be hollow. He went to a facility in Dallas Texas, and under uncertain direction, signed over all of the rights to his inventions and patents, to, none other than the US government (Army, Navy...who knows?!). He was sent back to his home-land of Austria, only to die, broken and disillusioned five days later. It would make a great headline for the 'National Enquirer'...and unfortunately...it's TRUE! 

Schauberger may have died, but some of his ideas remain. He suggested that we look at the cooling (implosion) cycle and not always be focused on the waste-heat produced from our devices (fission, explosions from internal combustion engines, jet turbines, etc.). The explosive force we now use to provide energy, such as in the automotive combustion cycle, for example, tends to be harmful to the environment, while the implosion equivalent (Nature's way) may not be. We should be working with the laws of natural forces instead of using wasted explosive energy to oppose them.

In order to power its machines, today's science gives priority to an oxidizing or metabolic process, wherein oxygen (atmospheric oxygen)- the natural stuff of breath - consumes the lower oxide or pro-toxide (a type of metallic calc or calx) which contains valuable growth-factors and which is a geo-spherical formative substance. This interchange of substance (metabolism) is referred to as the 'normal' combustion process and people are of the mistaken opinion, that it gives rise to those carrying, shifting and orienting forces that move and animate our bodies. This 'normal' process of combustion, whose dynamic product Nature uses to break down, decompose and eliminate the evolutionary unfit, is triggered in such a way that at about +40 degrees Celsius (+104 degrees Fahrenheit ) through the application of heat or fire, the oxygen becomes aggressive and belligerent. If it is heated further, then it becomes even freer and more dangerous, leading to the decomposition of blood, water and sap. At this point all life-functions of whatever kind cease in all growing, living and autonomously moving things...Viktor Schauberger's approach, as we shall see, is quite different.

Machines of Genius - The "Repusine", or Suction Turbine of Viktor Schauberger:

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The following is taken from the Schauberger British and/or Austrian Patent Number 146,141 March 4th 1940, filed in Austria. The entire patent information can be found in Callum Coats book - "Energy Evolution" page 170-195. Additional comments, construction notes and design parameters by Frank Germano, and Dr. J Bailey, PhD.

Two circular sheet metal plates made of silver-plated or amalgamated copper  are press-formed in such a way that they are endowed with a waveform shape, and are superimposed on one another in such a way as to create a waveform, interstitial space. Both plates are maintained at a distance from one another by already known methods. The lower plate, is attached to the backing plates, which are insulated form one another by a hard rubber  plate. On the upper plate, two, three, or more, cover plates are mounted in such a way that they initially rest on the wave-crests of such plate before gradually tapering downwards into the wave-troughs. In this way, the narrowing pressure-chambers are formed, whose longitudinal axes run parallel to the circumference. On the inner inclined surfaces of the upper plate, narrow slits are incised. The central component incorporates a spacer ring. Spacer rings, incorporating nozzles can be provided in the interstitial space. Furthermore, the hollow shaft opens into the cup-shaped component, whose inner surface is advantageously fluted, and which has exit openings into the interstitial space.

If the device is caused to rotate rapidly, then the liquid or gaseous substances entering the pressure-chambers will be impressed downwards and sideways through the slits, into the interstitial space, in which a considerable suction evolves, so that the space acts as a suction-chamber. The whole device therefore represents a kind of multi-stage centrifuge, each concentric wave being regarded as a stage. It can readily be understood that the liquid or gaseous substance present in the pressure-chamber, having been subjected to strong pressure forces here, immediately passes through the slits in the pressure-chamber walls and partially expands. At an appropriate rate of rotation, a maximum pressure will be reached, under which a bio-electric energy evolves, with whose aid, the primary combinations of the through-flowing liquid, or gaseous substance, will split up, whereupon these freed energies can be synthesized into any desired form or be drawn off.

As material for the two plates, silver-plated or amalgamated gold, or synthetic resins (plastics) can be used. If plastics are used, and seawater, for example, is impelled through the suction-chamber, an insipid fresh water is obtained as a result of this process. The arrangement can be so designed that like upper plate, the lower plate can also be provided with cover-plates, so that the pressure-chambers lie on both sides of the suction-space.

An original picture of the vortex turbine. The vortex area is in the middle. The vortex chamber has been removed. A front view of the "Repulsine Type B", showing the primary hull and the vortex chamber. "The Repulsine Type B", right. Again, "click" on any of the images for a full-size view.

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When the main electric engine is started, the Coanda effect begins to create a differential aerodynamic pressure between the outer and the inner surface of the primary hull. At a higher speed, the vortex chamber becomes a kind of high electrostatic generator due to the air particles, in high speed motion, acting as an electrical charge transporter. The "Repulsine" will begin to glow due to the strong ionization effect of the air. Now, we have all the ingredients for a continuous and strong Aether Flow along the main axis from the top to the bottom of the craft...The radial air pressure required for lifting 1kg with the Coanda Effect is about 1,4 kg/cm2

In the "Repulsine Type B" the vortex turbine has been improved for increasing the "Implosion Effect" and thus the lifting force, so you will find below a possible explanation about the working principle of "the Repulsine" type B flying saucer from Viktor Schauberger.

The upper membrane is fixed and the lower rotates at high speed. On the edge rim there are special shaped blades ( boomerang shaped blades ).

There are 120 blades ( 3 degrees spaced ).

The enhanced vortex turbine increases significantly the "implosion" effect in the vortex chamber. This contributes to it being able to generate a stronger thrust than the centrifugal turbine used in the "Repulsine type A". By means of a suction screw-impeller, (which revolved from the outside towards the inside along a cycloid, spiral, space-curve), the same type of force is generated which creates twisters, cyclones, and typhoons, through the effect of suction, or implosion.

In 1941 several models had been built. One of them had a diameter of 2.4 meters with a small, ultra-high-speed,  electric motor. A few moments after the device was started, it climbed straight up into the air so suddenly that, unfortunately, it hit the workshop ceiling with such force that it was destroyed, and crashed to the ground in pieces...

The implosion motor uses the suction forces of implosion; there is no heat barrier and no sound barrier, because with friction almost entirely lacking, no heat is generated. The air flows through the rotating air inlets, placed in the middle, and follows the gap between the double membranes (with the wave pattern). This creates a spiral contraction of the flowing medium and creates a vacuum which increases the "pull", via implosion.

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The enhanced vortex turbine uses two flat membranes with concentric "rills" on it. A wave pattern has been set on the upper and on the lower membrane. The upper wave is slightly out of phase with the lower wave. This is a direct application of the "Coanda" effect.

The air flow passes through small cavities where the volume sometimes is larger,  and sometimes smaller, due to the difference in phase relationship between the upper and the lower membrane. When the air passes different cavities it starts to pulsate. (see illustration - right)

The pulsations are directly dependant on the angular speed of the discs. This "push-pull" action creates an harmonic pulsation of energy... 

To the Left is another picture of an original prototype showing the major components of the "Repulsine, type B" engine. The air, being drawn in from the top slits, is set into a spiral vortex movement. Schauberger had claimed that once the devise was set in motion, the primary motor could be switched "off" and the forces at work would power the generator, which was housed in a central location inside the craft. For more information on this, see references in the book, " Energy Revolution", below.

How it works: The “REPULSINE” uses a cold-water injection between the bottom plates that alternately expands and contracts the air input by the principle of “thermodynamics” (example: as can be found between a cold-water reservoir and hot desert air). In Texas, a water pump is using this exact same effect. The Texas pump has a 200-gallon tank, which has a hot air intake valve on top and periodically withdraws warm air from the surrounding atmosphere. At the tank’s base, there is a single, shallow, well water pipe, which brings cold water into the tank. This effect is simple to demonstrate. The tank begins to rock on a central fulcrum and expels water from a long pipe centrifugally attached to one end of the tank. This oscillating pipe maintains a backpressure that prevents the water being pumped out from being drawn back inside the tank. Every 30 seconds, a new volume of hot external atmosphere is drawn into the tank and imploded. This causes a remarkable increase in the tanks oscillation. The oscillation is due to the intake water supply’s uneven internal distribution. In effect, the tank is gravity powered.

The “REPULSINE” uses the same phenomena. Cold water, drawn through a base hole, is spun in between the two wavy impellers and cools the air inside the units’ shell. As this partial vacuum draws in the air, it is spun into a cyclone by intake fins. After the air is cooled and humidified, still spinning, it is then expelled from an upper turbine, which reacts with the exiting cyclone. This centrifugal air has so much angular momentum that it is able to leave the Repulsine, even against a strong internal vacuum. That is a direct analogy to the rocking, tank implosion-based water pump, described above.

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The hot, rising vapor, trapped in a snail-shaped chimney, is lighter then the surrounding dry air and adds to the suction on the “REPULSINE’S” top.  The upper turbine, spun by the exiting cyclones’ action, directly drives the internal wavy vaporizing discs, which atomize the cold intake water. The electric motor (used for starting purposes) only has one purpose, and that is to spin up the vaporizer so that it properly atomizes the cold water from the inlet hose. The power source is implosion of hot, dry, desert air.

Remember that the power source is the Thermal difference between cold ground water and hot, dry desert air, just as is done in the implosion tank-rocking water pump from Texas. There is no mystery here. This device does nothing but convert the energy present in the combination of cold ground water with hot dry atmosphere. That is how it actually works. In many ways, it is similar to Schauberger’s water turbine, which also uses a pulsed pressure reservoir. I have worked extensively on both designs. Keep in mind that without the cold-water input, the pulsating vacuum trapped inside the “REPULSINE” soon diminishes and stops. There is a lot of mystery behind this device.

To quote verbatim on what Schauberger said: “ I connected the implosion motor to an outdoor water tap and it began to spin and finally took off, powered off of nothing more then ordinary, cold, tap water.”

If you look at the “REPULSINE” you will find a water pipe beneath, sticking out to the side. Schauberger was a master of water implosion technology. It is possible to “cool” air by simply pulling on a piston, but you require work to do that. At the same time, if you compressed air in a piston, it will get “hot”. That requires force over a distance or mechanical work to accomplish. You see; there is no “gain”! Simply expanding a piston and contracting it (or a vortex) accomplishes little more then creating a spring. We all know springs eventually stop bouncing. Schauberger’s expanding and contracting tornado also eventually ceases without an energy source. Recall the Hilsch-Rankine tube or Maxwell’s demon. The tube generates spiral airflow and creates hot air in the large tube and cold air -140F in the small diameter tube. In order to accomplish this, compressed air in large volumes must be used for its ability to do work. No free ride there. It is possible to make a vertical tube howl like a banshee, but the second the flame is removed from the tubes’ inside wall - the resonance stops. Again, it requires a defined energy source. That is Viktor Schauberger’s secret.

Consider this carefully: When the "rams horn arm", the Whorle-pipes of Viktor’s water turbine, approaches a valley (serrated ring at circumference of his turbine), warm chamber air is drawn inside the forming vortex pocket (that air is warm do to natural convection currents, which are of low density and hot at the top of chamber; high density, cold air at the chamber’s bottom). Now here is the earth shaker. As the now warm pocket of air is drawn into the Whorle-pipe tip, it approaches a “hill”, and along the serrated edge, it closes the mouth of the Whorle-pipe’s vortex. This collapses the air bubble since the water is cold in the arm (drawn from the cold basins’ bottom) and pulls the arm toward the hill by a low-pressure suction. Now, our induced vortex bubble is smaller and consists only of cold air. It must be released with the secondary spray issuing out the v-slot in the Whorle-pipe’s tip. We have used the mechanical energy of the condensing warm air vortex bubble.   The vortex also loses cohesion because its base flow is blocked, and this further assists the removal of water (the “Pharaoh’s Pump” effect: this is an excellent website, by the way!).

Now our Whorle-pipe inside Viktor’s water turbine swings to a new valley rim serration (and a new warm air pocket forms) and the implosion process starts all over again. The water turbine must absorb heat in this manner or stop spinning. The usefulness of a collapsed cooled vortex bubble is “finite”. That is why Schauberger’s rim is serrated. That is also why it appears to rotate in reverse (recall the egg in the bottle experiment). So where does Viktor Schauberger get his energy? It comes from natural thermal stratification found in any sun-warmed room that sits atop cold ground water. Nature constantly restores this balance. The basin water is denser than air and very cold at the bottom do to convection cells in his basin. That is the very water we draw up to operate his implosion arms. The upper room air is warm (also due to convection currents). The heat conducts into his shell easily. That is Viktor’s thermodynamic water and air secret. You can repeat the egg in the milk bottle experiment any time to see the suction involved.

 Viktor’s device had a diamagnetic field do to the effect. Once he noticed that when sand is dragged along a streambed, it gives off piezio electric sparks. He was a most amazing man. According to Schauberger, a water and sand “slurry” was best for this charging effect. The “REPULSINE” uses a cold water pipe to cool air in its chamber. But it is not absolutely required after spin-up. The shell becomes very hot as air is compressed from induced vertical updrafts surrounding the Repulsine. This vortex that forms above the Repulsine maintains its’ suction and continues to intake large quantities of atmosphere which is then cooled at the small base intake hole’s internal cyclone. In effect, the “REPULSINE”, like Maxwell’s demon, separates the hot and cold air by conversion of external updraft momentum and uses it to draw more airflow to the “REPULSINE”. Sailplanes are passive convection cell user’s...Viktor’s marvelous machine is active (!) - feeding back heat to enhance its own updraft.  Where does the heat come from, as it is impossible to alter natural vertical flow without generating heat? That is simple momentum conversion. It heats itself!

It comes from the HILSCH-RANKINE tube effect. The shell gets very hot as the inside cools and implodes and the outside edge heats. You are actually pushing great quantities of air into the “REPULSINE”, as well as forming suction above it. That is known as the “firestorm” effect.  If you want to generate an updraft in a chimney you must warm it. The outer shell becomes very hot. The inside center cold. This creates a resonating flow effect. If this “REPULSINE” did not oscillate between high and low pressure it would not intake as much air. That air can, by centrifugal compression at the shells’ rim, be directly converted into heat to maintain the effect. Look at the Hilsch-Rankine tube. It has the same exact effect.  The mechanical flow of the external air (driven by natural solar convection currents) is a direct analogy to the compressed air used to drive the Hilsch-Rankine tube. The “REPULSINE” is not internally powered. It is driven by external flow that is sub-ducted into its internal cyclone and generates a hot and cold region just as the Hilsch-Rankine tube does. The water and 1/20th horsepower motor is only used to start it.

I know that it is a lot to grasp. Viktor Schauberger, along with Nikola Tesla, Leonardo De Vinci, Galileo, Pythagoras, and a few select others (hey…I’m allowed my favorites!), was probably one of the smartest men that ever lived. It took me months to make the smallest discoveries in relation to his work. Be mindful of what I have told you about the water turbine and “REPULSINE”, as it is all very easily verified. Remember, it uses an internal coolant and motor to start (1/20th horsepower) and external convection cells drawn into his base intake, which power his hot-and-cold producing, updraft-enhancing cyclone. The water turbine is powered off of the “milk bottle and the egg experiment”; warm air condensation pockets trapped inside his Whorle-pipe arms. The atmosphere and convection cells from thermal density stratums - naturally present in a warm room over cold ground water - also power it, only passively.

I want to discuss the theory and the inherent hazards in building these devices. It is absolutely stupid to confine air in a chamber under centrifugal or static pressure without a certified mechanical engineer to test and verify the pressure vessel that you are experimenting with (water turbine & Repulsine). Seek out a qualified Mechanical Engineer before attempting to build one of these devices! I am certain everyone is aware of the way a “smoke ring” is created. What is a smoke ring? It is a puff of swirling vortex, created as air is forcefully driven from a hole, which creates a low-pressure torus at its center, holding the external vortex into a coherent unit. That, in effect, is a type of flywheel. In physics lectures, a professor will place a solid wooden box on a table, and behind it, a strong rubber diaphragm. In the front and middle is an aperture that induces the smoke ring. This apparatus is found in “Physics Demonstration Experiments” volumes 1 & 2...It’s a tan hardcover, large book. Another term is Hemholtz ring. This ring has very important significance to the “REPULSINE”, as it is yet another sign of Viktor Schauberger’s genius. Now, exactly why does Viktor use those concentric rings? This has caused far too much speculation over the years. The center of Viktor’s “REPULSINE” is a hole at the bottom that admits the hot, rising desert air (induced from the external updraft formed around the “REPULSINE” when in operation).

Seeing this base hole in a diagram, we now must understand its purpose. If we simply spun a centrifugal turbine in the base of our “REPULSINE” it will heat up at the rim shell. That is do to compression of air and is agreed upon by engineers the world over. Viktor went a step further in order to remove the turbulence. He did a rather brilliant thing. He induced (by imploring all of the concentric plates) a “smoke ring” or “Hemholtz” ring. In simple terms, the air enters the “REPULSINE” as a large smoke ring. We must be careful here. The end result is that that smoke ring snakes around inside the concentric plates and becomes smaller and smaller in its toroidial diameter. That is the measure of the rings smallest diameter, not the measure of the entire ring, only the thickness of the smoke ring. These rings are blown in at the center and assist the magnetic plates oscillation as they spread out. Think of a pebble thrown into a pond and disturbing the water (ripples are produced. They are actually a simple waveform effect, but we won't get into that on this page). Viktor often used natural examples.

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As the smoke ring spreads out, trapped between those wavy rings (use the pebble in the pond ripple analogy) the ring becomes extremely small at its smallest diameter. Viktor Schauberger said from the beginning: “if you want to generate heat you must compress a vortex.”  I realize it is called an implosion motor. It does implode atmosphere, but the purpose is not what people think. The purpose is similar to a baseball thrown very fast. You are throwing these smoke rings at the walls of the “REPULSINE”. As these condensed smoke rings strike the inside of the outer shell, they deliver great heat. That heat then contributes to the external updraft, driven by suction, to the top exhaust propeller (the one with the curved blades, which in turn rotates the bottom intake smoke ring accelerator). There is nothing new here. We take in  these rings of spinning air one at a time (artillery pieces produce them every day at military bases). That “wavy plate” pushes the ring to the outer shell and condenses it so that it heats by contracting it smaller and smaller. If we did not do this, our “REPULSINE” would be less efficient. Each torus, or ring, of spinning air, is, in fact, a small flywheel containing great energy. As that "flywheel" strikes the outer shell (this is all internal physics, I am not referring to any external air flow effect), the ring is destroyed and liberates great heat. Note: In a physics lecture demonstration, there is always a doubter. It is recommended that the “REPULSINE” experimenter build a simple smoke ring chamber as listed in the “Physics Demonstration Experiments” text. You will find that a smoke ring (it actually requires no smoke and is a lay term) can transport a large quantity of energy.

So the purpose of those wavy discs in the base of our “REPULSINE” is, and has always been, to accelerate intake-formed smoke rings. As they expand to the rim, they contract forcefully and gain definition. They then impact the inner wall of the outer shell, heating it enough to induce a strong external updraft, (as does a campfire). This feeds back still more energy to the upper exhaust turbine that is assisted by a rising dust-devil formed above the “REPULSINE”. Victor Schauberger never used an inefficient technique. A simple centrifugal plate as is seen on standard tank-type vacuum cleaner chops the intake air into millions of pieces.

By retaining the coherence of the intake air (remember this is an inverse ring effect, as if using the physics demonstration ring box in reverse). Viktor gains the maximum energy release from his rings as they strike the inner wall and deliver their heat load as the ring is destroyed. A simple centrifugal compressor plate destroys the entering smoke ring shape. This causes turbulence and interferes with additional intake flow.  Viktor takes in one vortex, or smoke ring, at a time. This orderly process insures an endless procession of rings into his implosion shell. It pulsates as each new ring is formed. The main point is that it is very orderly. It interacts only in the most stable way with the "wavy" or vortex-ring accelerator plates. The "wavy plates", in effect, spread and contract into a very small thickness diameter the entering ring. It looks like a wave spreading in a pond after a stone is thrown into the middle. One final time; the purpose of those discs is to take the intake vortex rings and contract them so their thickness is reduced and increase there overall diameter until they strike the shell wall and liberate (like a flywheel) a great deal of heat (that feeds the external updraft or "firestorm" effect. Thinking of a common desert dust-devil is another way of looking at it. 

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Let me try putting this another way. It is difficult to explain the fluid dynamics that are involved here. Viktor cooled warm air in his water turbine arm to contract the vortex bubble against a serrated “hill” on its rim. That transferred heat to the water vortex that was exiting the Whorle-pipe. It is no different in the “REPULSINE” case. In this case, the vortex is in the form of a ring, instead of a long finger, as in the water turbine spray arm (Whorle-pipe tip). The vortex begins to cool inside the “REPULSINE” and contracts its tornado shell around it as its thickness diameter decreases rapidly. That increases the speed of the ring vortex itself. This liberates a great deal of heat to the shell. I know how difficult this is to understand. If we use the brilliant research of the “Pharaoh’s Pump Group” , we find that water can spin around a core of air until it reaches a great depth. Then, the spinning water is destroyed, and the air inside is highly compressed. The “Pharaoh’s Water Pump” surrounds air with a vortex and drops it to a lower elevation and then, collapses the water vortex around the air and liberates it as compressed air.  Study this carefully. (Better yet; study the Pharaohs Pump website from the link above. Then come back to this page and continue. Note: they produce their own book...you can only get the book through their website, as it's not available from AMAZON.COM,  Borders, or Barnes & Noble Books. Too bad.)

To continue; Viktor’s Repulsine does the same thing. The intake smoke-ring then contracts, due to its own cooling. Place a hot smoke ring into cold air (as is found inside Viktor’s implosion motor). That ring will begin to contract, but, as it contracts, it increases its rotation velocity. That in turn increases its impact energy at the shell wall. Viktor intakes a large vortex ring that is composed of hot, swirling air. That ring is cooled inside the implosion motor by the contraction discs or "wavy-plate" discs. As the ring is cooled, it shrinks to its smallest diameter or thickness, which greatly increases its toroidial rotation velocity, or vortex-ring tornado velocity. Now the ring widens in its overall diameter and strikes the shell wall with great energy. Remember; velocity equates to friction. A supersonic jet has very hot skin from air friction (hundreds of degrees Fahrenheit). So Viktor’s implosion motor literally intakes little ring tornadoes that cool inside his wavy disc chamber and therefore contract and spin even faster, perpendicular to their toroidial center circle line.

The Schauberger “REPULSINE” literally "absorbs" little baby tornado rings, and uses their high velocity to generate internal hull friction, which assists the external updraft. Exactly how do we make a tornado in nature?  First, we bring cold air from, let’s say, Canada. Then we bring up warm Gulf air from the United States. The warm Gulf air collides with the cool Canadian or Arctic air.  The warm Gulf air is now “sandwiched” inside a rolling column of cold arctic air. This causes the internal warm air to contract violently as the heat exchanges from the interaction of the surrounding cold Arctic air.   We now have a dangerous energy sandwich. The internal trapped Gulf warm air quickly contracts as it liberates heat to the surrounding cold Arctic air vortex (recall the water turbine arm). This greatly accelerates the vortex velocity. An analogy would be as an ice skating ballerina pulls in her arms, she spins much faster. That requires mechanical force (in her case; muscle) that force is a direct resultant of the thermo mechanical internal air contraction do to rapid cooling. Return To Top

Viktor does the exact same thing in both his “REPULSINE” and water turbine. In the Implosion Motor, it takes the form of a ring vortex spreading out to the external shell. In the water turbine, it takes the form of finger like filament that stops at the center. It is exactly what Viktor told us all along. Viktor Schauberger paved the way as he showed us how to extract energy from a cooling vortex. It is all in the cooling vortex and its ability to be harnessed as high velocity wind friction source. The ring inside Viktor’s Implosion Motor is hot on the inside and cold on the outside. That is why it contracts so violently. The vortex in the HILSCH-RANKINE TUBE is the exact opposite. The Hilsch-Rankine tube uses mechanical energy from compressed air to create one of these vortex strands. As its core expands, it cools and heat goes to the outer shell of the H-R tube do to wall friction and compression. . We use just the opposite of this effect to turn a warm air core vortex with a cold external core into compressed air as the vortex collapses. The H-R tube expands air by slowing the incoming airflow. That requires mechanical work from the compressed air source. It takes mechanical energy to pull air at its center apart by vacuum induction. The Schauberger implosion motor vortex package is warm at its center and cold at its out side and therefore contracts forming a small ribbon of compressed air that heats the hull.

So all Viktor did was use a Hilsch-Rankine tube in reverse! Instead of wasting compressed air, he actually generated it. Compressed air then drives the upper exhaust turbine, and heats the hull. “Brilliant” would hardly seem an appropriate word for Schauberger’s insight and achievement, and, it starts leading us into the energy future. There is no free energy here, only simple thermodynamics.... and hot and cold atmospheric convection flows. That is how he did it. 

How to build a Schauberger  "Repulsine":

Before we begin with construction of the "Repulsine", this is what can happen if careful research and proper assembly, along with using quality materials for construction is not followed and adhered to:

• One: the “REPULSINE” will shred its upper power turbine! That turbine spins at a very high rpm and can, if formed from cast metal, shatter without warning.
• Two: the internal thermal zone separator (wavy discs) and mechanical fluid work transmitter can shatter, as it is hollow (I will explain) and flexible and is also not capable of withstanding high centrifugal stress do to its “PERFORATED” construction and wavy design. It generally will shatter first.
• Three: the casing of the “REPULSINE” is formed of copper in one device (although steel can be used) as this is for heat conduction. Copper is a brittle metal under repeated stress and can crack easily. Once again, shards will be expelled onto any unprepared researcher.          
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• Four: it is capable of high temperature’s (I will explain). It can scorch and burn its surroundings or a careless researcher. That temperature can easily reach 300 to 500 degrees F.
• Five: it can explode if its internal vortex is suddenly quenched, venting super heated air onto any nearby observers.
• Six: it must be grounded. It is best operated over hot pavement (I will explain). There is no simple way to describe its power level. It is cyclic and similar to a child’s top being spun faster and faster. It can, by a very strong suction force (as it sits in the middle of a much larger external vortex) be wrenched from the ground.
• Seven: it can effect the external environment. It is highly recommended any researcher using it should precede to an area with no air or automobile traffic.
• Eight: it can set fire to any dry brush present. It must be operated in a rock quarry or concrete industrial area for maximum fire safety with a fire extinguisher standing by.                                   
• Nine: it is difficult to gain the approval of a mechanical engineer with an unproved technology; however, he or she can still verify that every precaution has been taken. The vessel is subject to high internal winds approaching 100 to 300 mph; never underestimate the harm that wind can do. That wind can amount to several static pounds pressure per square inch. It is the escaping wind that is most dangerous.
• Ten: as air is ionized around the “REPULSINE”, it can produce dangerous electrical phenomena. That is due to dust particle charging. Anytime air passes a chamber that is not grounded, at high speed it can induce charged particles! Be prepared for static electric build up if operating in a dry environment. See below for further information regarding safety issures.

A small “REPULSINE” can easily produce 10 to 25 horsepower; a large one, in the ten to twenty foot diameter ranges, can produce well into the thousands of horsepower. This is due to its power concentrating effect. It is in a category of windmills known as dynamic flow enhancers. That is to say its passive wind flow ratting is small and no more then any similar Darrius or Savonious type. However, once the work function has begun, it can concentrate external flow from 2 times, up to 10 times. That is, it will generate the equivalent power level of a machine ten times its own size. This is similar to windmills of the “diffusion cone” type. That refers specifically to a windmill that has a large external diffuser or cone that assists in flow pressure concentration allowing even a small turbine to generate far more then its diameter is capable of without the added diffusion cone to create a down wind low pressure pocket.

The “REPULSINE” consists of a few major parts. It has a top cone or chimney that, like the rest of the shell, must be constructed of heat conductive metal. Viktor wanted this top cone to be shaped like an elongated snail-shell. This is so external wind, in the form of a dust-devil,  can enter the cone and assist the upper drive turbine’s rotation. I have found it best to use materials similar to the steel chimney pipes found in wood stove connection joints (a light steel sheet formed into a cone and riveted so that there is no turbulence on the inside of this upper chimney cone). That is the simplest part to fabricate. The taller it is; the better. It should have at least twice to five times the height of the primary plenum chamber; its upper outlet diameter is still debatable. I recommend looking at Schauberger’s water turbine arms and using that as a conical ratio. If a small aperture overly restricts the upper chimney, the flow will quench. If an oversized exit hole is used, the flow will receive too much horizontal ground wind turbulence backflow. The dynamics problem of the horizontal flow as it interferes with the vertical convection flow produced cannot be underestimated. That is the bane of all wind generator engineers who have attempted to produce energy by concentrating convection flow. That is, the horizontal wind will antagonize your “REPULSINE” unless it has its upper cone intake aperture or snail-shell mouth directly pointed into the apparent horizontal wind. Wind is variable; it can change direction without warning, so keeping the upper snail-shell pointed can be a frustrating chore. You cannot place a guidance fin to keep the snail-shell mouth pointed, since that will break up the induced flow of the external dust-devil vortex.

Viktor simply ignored the snail-shell all together and only punched a few inlet and outlet holes in a simple conic upper chimney shell. That is not to say it is un-important. He simply could not get the correct shape fabricated. The upper chimney focuses the exhaust vortex leaving the “REPULSINE” drive turbine. Now you have the fabrication of the upper drive turbine. That turbine must be mounted on a shaft (if using a 22-inch unit) capable of at least 10 horsepower minimal load. Shafts of this type are found on all small engines in that horsepower range. One-inch diameter shafts will ensure maximum safety. Obviously, the bearing must be of a reliable type. I recommend from personal experience the bearings used in racing go-carts wheel shafts. They have a 3-bolt mounting cup, and are very reliable.

The upper plate can be found on old centrifugal blowers. Yes, Schauberger’s design used multiple curves, but that is not set in stone. The cooling fins found on a two-cycle motor or lawn mower head can be substituted in a pinch. The plate from the centrifugal blower of a ruined engine can be used for the exhaust drive turbine. The air coming out is cyclonic so the plate is used in a reversed fin rotation. That is fairly obvious to any one building one...this plate cannot be constructed from plastics. It will melt! I realize plastic is safer and easier to fabricate however it is also worthless in a “REPULSINE” exhaust turbine. Next, you require the shell. That shell is fabricated from a 22-inch diameter Barbecue Kettle lid piece. It has a flat region that is cut out for the upper exhaust hole. The exact plenum exhaust hole size on a unit is critical. Once again, if it is too large, the shell heat won’t build to a high temperature. Too small, and it will vent waste centrifugal air poorly and shut down the unit. Use Viktor’s photos. My ideal exhaust hole is 12 inches in diameter with a 22-inch plenum shell. I am still experimenting on the best diameter exhaust turbine.

The “ REPULSINE” has need of two active parts; the upper exhaust turbine (or reversed centrifuge blower plate) and the inner wavy discs (that use the mechanical work from the upper turbine). Theses discs are not easy to fabricate. The best material I can find is used in fireplace screening and perforated. You must locate a source of perforated steel. That perforation is to allow airflow through the wavy discs, which also prevents back conduction of heat from the outer shell or rim region (I will explain). It will be found that Hammel, used a perforated metal cone on his devices. That is the type of shell you are after. Perforating a steel sheet of that thickness with thousands of holes is difficult and imprecise. If you place too many perforations in one area, the disc may shatter!

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Why do it at all? Recall that I spoke of the H-R tube. Those wavy discs serve to conduct vortex strands and transmit mechanical energy to the internal plenum chamber vortex from the upper exhaust turbine. They cannot be underestimated. They are the “REPULSINE”...Think of the drive exhaust turbine as a simple windmill. Updrafts and convection currents power it. It is also driven off of any horizontal flow that is swirled into the upper chimney shell snail shell mouth. That is all it does! It uses waste exhaust to spin that is given maximum pressure advantage from the suction above it in the upper chimney shell vortex. There are three vortexes at work here!

• One, is the external shell heat vortex or outer dust-devil,
• Two, is the vortex in the upper snail shaped chimney shell,
• Three, is the mechanical work vortex inside the “REPULSINE” plenum or H-R tube vortex,

The novice experimenter should examine carefully the work done by vortex Wind Engineers on the web. The entire upper part of the unit is already in use at many wind turbine-generating sites! Assuming you have successfully fabricated the exhaust turbine and mounted it in a typical tri-arm mount, flush with your plenum shell, and mounted the two opposed perforated wavy discs on the long drive shaft, you now require a base shell. This shell must be as strong or stronger then the upper shell. It can be flat and still function. If it is flat steel it must be reinforced. It is always best to use shaped steel that is self-integrated structurally due to its own 3-dimensional form. For example, it can also have a wave ring shape. That is far more rigid then a simple flat piece. That is yet another reason the wavy discs are curved so they are rigid when the “REPULSINE” tilts or lifts. 

This is then bolted and sealed to the upper shell. This is critical. The outer rim is subject to great pressure and heat. The bottom hole is smaller then the exhaust hole, however the relative surface area is comparable. This is because a great deal of the upper exhaust turbine plate is sealed with only a small exit region open at its circumference. The bottom shaft bearing can be tri-arm mounted as well. These hole-sizes are critical. If the bottom axle area intake hole is too small, it will not take in enough air! The exact diameter, as compared to the upper exhaust hole is still a matter of experimentation. It is between 4 and 6 inches in diameter. In other words, its diameter in surface area approximates the exhaust outlet surface area. The entire assembly is best placed on yet another Barbecue Kettle piece - the bottom hemisphere. In this use, it is placed round side up (that is its rim on the ground). Several metal posts now go to your bottom plenum. The plenum or H-R work chamber is mounted 6 to 12 inches above the inverted kettle hemisphere. Those posts will later have metal fins on them, which will be twisted to guide air into the single intake hole, placed concentric with the drive shaft.

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Now, with all in place, you can do a first spin test. Instead of an attached motor, you can use the pressure exhaust of a large tank-type vacuum cleaner. It requires precise aim. Place the hose near the exhaust turbine and push air against the curved blades the same direction the air is meant to leave the plenum chamber. This is a simple reaction effect. The snail-shell hole is more then large enough for you to place the start-up air jet. Recall that model pulsejets were actually started with a bicycle pump. Now your unit is spinning! What happens next? Usually, very little will happen. It will spin of course, but, until the exact exhaust ratio and intake ratio is found, you can expect no miracles. The bearing races must be low-friction units. If you do it correctly, the unit will begin to heat up at its plenum shell circumference. Why (?) - because the internal wavy perforated discs and compressions on the shell rim are spinning air centrifugally. That can be seen directly by touching the top of any large-tank vacuum cleaner with a metal flange head. In fact all centrifugal air compressors or high pressure fans heat in this manner. Inside the plenum, the air is being separated into a center, or axle region, cold-zone and outer rim region hot-zone. Mechanical work from the upper exhaust disc is being used to separate these temperature regions. This effect is no different than is seen on the H-R tube! The only difference is that air is being spun on the unit by frictional interaction with the wavy disc set. In the H-R tube, it is from the mechanical energy, released as compressed air, and is swirled into a vortex tube. The exact same thermal separation occurs. The inner region is cold, and outer region is hot. That heat now contributes to a rising updraft vortex about the “REPULSINE”. Recall in a calorimeter experiment, paddles are spun to heat water in a closed shell . One experiment is to then spray water at various temperatures into the shell. If it is done properly, it will assist in imploding the center cold air mass and greatly increasing the RPM. of the turbine. This is a science experiment of a lifetime.

Why does it work? As the work being done on the “REPULSINE” internal plenum increases from the exhaust turbine drive shaft, the steel shell reaches a critical temperature level. At that point the rim air approaches several hundred degrees. The wavy discs prevent heat from easily moving from the rim to the center (that is one reason they are perforated and cannot be solid). The plenum will begin to alternately heat and cool as new air is drawn in at its base. If its core air trapped in between the wavy discs is cooled, the plenum velocity will increase. If it is heated by intake air, the velocity will slow. This effect is resonant and typical of the “REPULSINE” operation. It is very hard to explain. Viktor claims, that any time you allow the core air of his Repulsine to heat and expand, it pulls the internal vortex wider apart! Next, as you intake cooler air, it snaps back together again. This is a phenomenon of thermo-mechanical resonance. Tesla coils use the very same principle.

The point is that your plenum will be driven off of induced external updrafts (as if a campfire) and off of a resonance caused by changes in the core vortex temperature! That is to say, the plenum chamber is like a child’s top. Any temperature change will cause the internal vortex (a vertical axis vortex centered about the drive axle) to expand and contract. The temperature changes must work in resonant fashion. Think of the child’s top being spun faster and faster, as they plunge its push rod up and down. This resonant expanding and contracting vortex bounces off the wavy rings much as ball bounces on a floor. Each time a little more energy is added. It is like stretching and contracting a rubber band around your fingers. When thermal mechanical vortex resonance is achieved, the implosion motor takes off. This is not an out-dated centrifugal air compressor. It is a chamber where any intake air is being converted into rotary motion. As the air vortex enlarges, it strikes the rim and cools. This causes it to bounce and return like a wave, to the center of the chamber (much like an echo reflecting off a hard surface). This compresses the center cold air and heats it, causing the wave front to once more expand.

That is why the wavy perforated discs are so important. They guide this echoing vortex band as it bounces from the rim to center and back again. To see what Schauberger saw, go to a circular water bath or tank (it must be a perfect circle). Put a Styrofoam disc at its center with a stick attached. Start to resonantly plunge the disk up and down. If you time it right, the wave crest will work with your plunges in harmony, as it bounces off the tank’s wall. This is exactly why those disks are wavy and perforated. They allow the vortex bounces to build up energy. Yes, you can argue that it wastes power. Actually it does not. The heat leaving the rim feeds back into the exhaust turbine updraft. You are amplifying this echo effect. Now the skeptic will begin to squirm in their seat. What good is this resonance effect? Sure, a Tesla coil makes a big spark, but that uses up electrical power even at high Q.

What make a two-cycle motorcycle tail pipe exhaust expansion chamber work? Echo! That is correct. The principle that helps back pressure a two-cycle motorcycle engine is the exact same principle that feeds back energy in a Schauberger “REPULSINE” implosion motor. It makes no difference. We can get mechanical work either way! A Sterling engine obtains mechanical work on both its cold cycle and hot cycle! We now have two defined reservoirs; a cold rim reservoir and a hot central intake reservoir. These reservoirs are maintained by external wind and sunlight. This is not a guess; it is a fact! A Stirling engine uses a displacer to shuttle an air mass between a hot and cold reservoir! Go to the fine Japanese Stirling engine pages found all over the web and you will soon understand this principle.

In the “REPULSINE”, it is accomplished by the natural vortex echo inside of the chamber. This echo builds up our RPM. That is why the wavy discs are perforated. They must help spin the vortex but never stop its wave front echo. Think of that as a natural air displacer. Striking the rim cools the vortex and reaching the center heats it. The center bottom is hot from intake air ramming. Think of it this way before you stop reading this material. The echo bounce places our vortex over the center and then the rim region. That takes the place of the Stirling engine displacer. The vortex acts like a flywheel that stores the bounce energy. In effect, it is a simple Stirling engine hybrid that uses the expanding and contracting vortex as both a piston and a displacer, at the same time.

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This is not difficult to understand. The Schauberger “REPULSINE” is a new class of Stirling, atmospheric-feedback, hot-air motor. Schauberger’s genius removed the complex piston and displacer. They are replaced by a bouncing and expanding vortex and contracting vortex ring. If the reader takes away nothing more about the “REPULSINE”, consider the following. IT is not a centrifugal air compressor. It is a new class of Stirling hot air engine, that converts a captive vortex into a piston and displacer that therefore shuttles between a hot center region, and a cold outer shell. This vortex also forms the Stirling Engine hybrid’s flywheel. In one simple gesture, Viktor removed the flywheel - the displacer and the piston - of a Stirling hot air engine - its closest thermo-mechanical cousin. By combining all of these elements, he simplified the Stirling engine, and, allowed it to directly feed back energy to an updraft. In other words, its own waste heat assists in increasing a natural external flow. No Stirling engine does that!

A final purpose of the wavy internal discs is to help “bounce” the vortex. It is similar to the 90-degree phase drive rod that activates the displacer. It forces the vortex wall back out to the rim. I realize that I said the rim is hot and it is. That is because it is constantly relieving itself of heat from the internal bouncing vortex. It is also cooled by the swirling external vortex. Without that, it is no longer a useful reservoir. In effect we have discovered a dynamic feedback Stirling Engine suited to extracting energy from a stationary external tornadic convection cell. This is not free energy...but I feel it is neglected physics. Only time and a little faith in Schauberger’s genius and commitment to relieving the suffering of mankind will tell.

In the “Phillips Technical Review Notes” we found references to an Air Core Betatron containing only a few kilograms of active magnetic flux material. That is to say the “Phillips engineers” had found a way to avoid the entire heavy iron superstructure used on a Betatron. It relied instead, like a Tesla coil, on resonance in heavy cables. To add, therefore to the list of things to avoid when constructing a “REPULSINE”, I must now in all fairness add the “Air Core Betatron" effect. This means very simply, your “REPULSINE” is capable of hard X-ray production from an internal current imploded with the thermo-mechanical rim resonance vortex bounce. To put it simply; the REPULSINE at full resonance is a radiation source. It is possible that 50 thousand to 10 million electron volt-level radiation by-products, in the form of hard X-rays, will be present during operation. Any time you contract a charged electron cloud so that its magnetic field is cut, you can, and will accelerate electrons in the defined nature of a Betatron Particle Accelerator!  It can and will emit high-energy particle radiation of the class known as “High Energy Electrons” and Hard X-rays. The Phillips’ “Air Core Betatron” proves a large ferromagnetic induction mass is not required for electron volt energy levels up to 9 MEV. Prolonged X-ray exposure is a certified tissue destroying process. For those “would’be” Nuclear Physicists out there, any doubts that the REPULSINE is capable of Betatron particle acceleration will be quashed after reading about the “Phillips T.R. papers on their 9 MEV “Air Core Betatron””.

The final piece of the puzzle; The “REPULSINE’S” rim is resonantly cooled by thermally induced downdraft feedback, as the internal plenum flow expands for its re-coil or implosion echo. It is a surface effect. Hot internal centrifugal air induces a cold downdraft pulse that is in effect the capacitive analogy to our thermo-mechanical vortex resonance, taking place in the unit. Hot always attracts cold ...remember that! The “REPULSINE” is unpredictable and dangerous, and, in an evacuated condition, is capable of Hard X-ray production. It is NOT a toy. It is best left in the hands of certified engineers and physicists! 

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NOTE: To any and all serious investors and investment groups - International Turbine And Power, LLC has the capabilities to design working prototypes of the "Repulsine". We would gladly welcome discussing any opportunity for joint venture ideas or other applications via providing the necessary funding.

O.k., I am off of the soapbox and on to some more of Schauberger's inventions...

Viktor Schauberger's "Atom Transforming Machine:

This is a machine which Viktor Schauberger constructed to generate electricity. Now, when I say electricity, I should say free, over-abundant, electricity. You see, the machine, once started, generates more electricity than it uses...don't loose interest on me because of the "free energy" implications...read on. It is similar in concept to the "Klimator", which was another machine, primarily designed to produce either "heat" or "cold" temperatures - a pre-modern air conditioner, of sorts. This engine is something, the likes of which, I have never seen. I can't wait to get the opportunity to actually BUILD this machine and fully test it out. Even if the claims are only partially true...it would mean such an advance in engine technology that its worth could not even be estimated. Why hasn't this machine been built and put into use? Click here for a great link and find out.

A small electric motor drives a conical center piece which has a large water inlet, and forces the water out through several spiral arms, shown below, which Viktor called - "Whorl Pipes".

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Whorle Pipes:

Every whorl pipe is a tornado, a vortex. The flow-through material creates a space-spiral. From the starting point, movement is both inwards and downwards at the same time. The whorl pipe must be cone-shaped on its longitudinal axis. In experiments with cylindrical pipes, few noteworthy effects where achieved. In addition, there is a third direction of movement, which seems to be most important; it is a rotation about itself, which in regard to the electrons in atoms, we call 'spin'. As the device spins a centrifugal force raises the water level .

The acceleration of the in-rollment of the flow-through material depends on four factors: 1.) the length of the pipe (whorl-pipes), 2.) the size of the intake cross-section in relation to the outlet nozzles, 3.) the rotational velocity of the rotor, and 4.) the diameter of the conical rotor, because it is upon this, that the centrifugal force depends. The arms nearly reach to the outer limits of containment vessel and a recoil action is produced when the water sprayed out comes into contact with a wavy or rippled steel ring. To begin with, the drive motor is powered from any available current source, in order to set the rotor in motion. When the rotor is in motion, it produces more power than the drive motor requires, and the electricity from the generator, in excess, can be ducted off for other purposes. According to estimates, the proportion is in the ratio of 1:9, namely, 1/10th of the output for running the drive motor, and 9/10ths as surplus power. The "Implosion Machine" is therefore, more than, or quite literally -  a form of, "perpetual motion".

Special Jet Nozzles: the tips of the whorl-pipes:

The centrifugal force in the spiral arms creates a reduction in pressure on bottom part, and this leads to great efficiency. As the device spins, a centrifugal force raises the water level. The spiral arms were said to look like a wild animals antlers (from the Kudu antelope; spiral "horns",  thick at the base and coming to a thinner point at each end.) When the machine was running the generator was then switched on-line. The tips of the "Whorl Pipes" are illustrated..

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A Vortex movement was created inside of each nozzle, and the velocity on exit approached 2,500 psi, at 1280 meters per second.

The Water Tornado machine could produce a Mega watt of electricity. James Yen, working for the American company  - "Grumman Aerospace", estimates that a turbine of only six feet in diameter could produce a mega watt of electricity. The concrete silo as illustrated, has an open top and is open to one side. A electric motor could be switched on to begin the whirlwind effect,  and, once the "swirling" (vortex) action had begun the motor could be reduced in speed or taken off-line, entirely.

The air flow enters from the top of the tower and the air is forced to "whirl" because of the way the tower is constructed. When the air flow is whirling, a reduction in air pressure is caused. Air coming from the bottom is drawn into the vacuum, and, in doing so, drives an air turbine generator. Experiments with wind tunnels seem to confirm this idea will perform as expected. We may yet get to see a spiral action in generation of our power needs if the scientific establishment is ready to seriously look at it. I'm trying to convince "big business" to fund the research...it just takes time, and constant persuasion. Here's the break-down of the operation of the "Implosion Machine" as far as I can relate:

    1.) As connected to the suction pipe, every whirl-pipe is a siphon. As a fall-pipe, the whorl-pipe is longer that the vertical suction-pipe. Its exit nozzles are at the same height as the lower end of the suction-pipe. Only slight impulse is therefore required to trigger the flow of water.

    2.) As soon as the rotor reaches top speed, the water is centrifuged against a fluted outer wall with enormous force. As it impacts a dense electrical force-field evolves, in which, the weight of the water is neutralized. This electric charge can be increased by the rotor's rate of rotation. The water rises, with out being lifted, in the suction-pipe and passes into the whorl-pipes from the collector. The fall-weight is the impulse that enables the ducting off of "surplus" power. From time to time, the water should be changed. The electric charge also must be ducted away, otherwise, it can act as a "brake" in front of the water nozzles.

    3.) A further gain in power results from the removal of frictional losses in the whorl-pipes. The effect of these pipes is to produce a rolling, inward vortex, spiraling action that reduces virtually all resistance to the flow inside of these pipes.

    4.) Due to the rapid rotation of the rotor, centrifugal forces arise. The accelerated water in the whorl-pipes is thrust against the fluted outer wall of the machine. The ends of the whorl-pipes are curved in the opposite direction to the actual direction of rotation. A recoil is created, similar to that in the "Abundance-Producing Wheel" (another of Schauberger's inventions). This recoil develops energies similar to those found on tornados. I should note, cooling takes place inside of the whorl-pipes, and the "cool eye" of the machine sucks up water, quite the same way as a natural tornado "sucks" up anything in its path.

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How about USES for this amazing machine...boy, that's a tough one, huh! Here ya go...

    1.) The generation of FREE Energy, in any quantity, whereby the water used to fill is converted into "noble water" (pure, natural, healthy drinking water, full of extraordinary properties)

    2.) As a generator for the achievement of manifold increase in growth. If embedded in the ground, the energetically charged water radiates growth-enhancing forces down into the earth

    3.) For the propulsion of aircraft, which can never malfunction and crash. (See Viktor Schauberger, page four - the next page on your journey - for a fully descriptive explanation and diagrams of the proposed craft).

Clean Air Machine

This is another spiral device but uses the shape of an oval egg. "Soilt" air is introduced from the side and combined with water that the reduced pressure draws from the bottom, via a tube . The spiral flow in the tube cleans the air with water which flows back to the base. Clean air then exits from the top. Again, click on any of the images for the "full-size" view.